<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>. Kebutuhan beras nasional<strong> </strong>meningkat dari tahun ke tahun akibat pertambahan penduduk, peningkatan kebutuhan energi harian individu, dan masih rendahnya diversifikasi konsumsi sumber karbohidrat serta keinginan untuk menjadi lumbung pangan dunia (LPD) pada tahun 2045. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi padi nasional adalah melalui perluasan areal tanam dengan memanfaatkan lahan rawa pasang surut yang luasnya mencapai 8,92 juta hektare. Peningkatan luas tanam padi di lahan rawa pasang surut diantaranya dapat dilakukan melalui pembukaan lahan baru, baik dengan memanfaatkan lahan sawah terlantar maupun yang belum dimanfaatkan. Akan tetapi pembukaan lahan baru sering dihadapkan pada keracunan besi, sehingga tanaman padi tidak tumbuh dan berproduksi secara optimal. Keracunan besi dapat menurunkan produksi padi 30-100%, tergantung ketahanan varietas, intensitas keracunan, fase pertumbuhan, dan status kesuburan tanah. Keracunan besi merupakan penyakit fisiologis tanaman dengan penyebab utama adalah konsentrasi Fe<sup>2+</sup> yang tinggi dalam larutan tanah karena kondisi reduktif. Hal itu terkait dengan drainase yang jelek, nilai Eh yang rendah, defisiensi K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, dan Mn, dan oksigen tanah yang rendah. Pengendalian keracunan besi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi di lahan rawa pasang surut bukaan baru dapat dilakukan melalui teknologi pengelolaan air, ameliorasi, pemupukan, pengaturan waktu tanam, dan penggunaan varietas yang toleran.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abtract</strong>. <em>National rice demand is increasing from year to year due to population growth, increasing individual daily energy needs, and the low diversification of consumption of carbohydrate sources and the desire to become a world food barn (LPD) in 2045. One effort to increase national rice production is through expansion planting area utilizing tidal swamp land which covers an area of 8.92 million hectares. Increasing the area of rice planting in tidal swamps can be done through the opening of new land, either by using abandoned or untapped rice fields. However, new land clearing is often faced with iron poisoning, so that rice plants do not grow and produce optimally. Iron poisoning can reduce rice production by 30-100%, depending on the variety resistance, poisoning intensity, growth phase, and soil fertility status. Iron poisoning is a physiological disease of plants with the main cause being high concentrations of Fe <sup>2+</sup> in soil solutions due to reductive conditions. This is related to poor drainage, low Eh values, deficiency of K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, and Mn, and low soil oxygen. Control of iron poisoning to increase rice productivity in the new openings tidal swamps can be done through water management technology, amelioration, fertilization, planting time management, and the use of tolerant varieties.</em></p>
<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>. <span>Masalah penyediaan beras dihadapkan pada ketersediaan, alih fungsi, dan kompetisi pemanfaatan lahan, degradasi kesuburan tanah dan kerusakan infrastruktur pertanian, menurunnya jumlah keluarga tani dan gangguan organisme pengganggu t</span><span lang="IN">umbuhan</span><span> (OPT), tata ruang pertanian, jumlah penduduk dan kebutuhan konsumsi individu meningkat, dan efisiensi konsumsi. Kalimantan Selatan dalam perberasan nasional menduduki ranking 12 dari 34 provinsi. Meski produksi beras nasional pada tahun 2019 lebih rendah dari tahun 2018, tetapi Kalsel termasuk 8 provinsi yang mengalami kenaikan dan surplus sebesar 306.621 ton atau sekitar 63,37%. Peningkatan produksi padi di Kalimantan Selatan dapat dilakukan melalui optimasi pemanfaatan lahan sawah irigasi, lahan tadah hujan, lahan kering, lahan rawa pasang surut, dan lahan rawa lebak serta lahan yang tidak digunakan. Optimasi pemanfaatan lahan untuk peningkatan produksi padi dan perbaikan ranking Kalsel dalam perberasan nasional melalui peningkatan IP di daerah yang berpotensi ditingkatkan IP-nya dengan persyaratan tertentu, peningkatan produktivitas dengan perlakuan khusus di daerah tertentu, perluasan tanam di daerah-daerah yang potensial untuk dibuka sebagai sawah baru, dan tumpangsari dengan tanaman perkebunan, yang didukung oleh kebijakan inventarisasi kondisi eksisting lahan pertanian, optimasi dan revitalisasi infrastruktur pengelolaan air, optimasi penggunaan alsintan, pengamanan panen, konsolidasi manajemen pemanfaatan lahan, perbaikan kelembagaan pertanian dan petani, dan penyusunan tata ruang pertanian</span>.</p><p><em>Abstact. <em><span lang="IN">Problems with rice supply are faced with responsibilities, transfer of functions, and competition for land use, degradation of soil fertility and damage to agricultural infrastructure, number of farming families and policies on excavation of plants), agricultural spatial planning, population and individual consumption needs, and consumption efficiency. South Kalimantan is ranked 12th out of 34 provinces in the national rice stock. Although the national rice production in 2019 is lower than in 2018, South Kalimantan is included in 8 provinces which added and a surplus of 306,621 tons or around 63.37%. Increased rice production in South Kalimantan can be done through the optimization of the use of paddy fields, rainfed land, dry land, tidal swamp land, and swamp land and land that is not used. Improve rankings to increase production and improve South Kalimantan's ranking in national rice through increasing IPs in regions that have improved IPs with special requirements, increasing productivity with special assistance in certain areas, increasing planting in areas that have the potential to be changed as new rice fields, and intercropping with plantation crops, supported by policies inventory of existing conditions of agricultural land, optimization and revitalization of water management infrastructure, optimizing the use of agricultural machinery, securing the harvest, investment in land use management, improving agricultural and farmer safety, and preparation of agricultural spatial plannin</span></em></em><em>g.</em></p>
Water management is main factor that determines the successful of rice cultivation in acid sulphate soil. Soil waterlogging determines the direction and rate of chemical, geochemical and biological reaction in the soil, indirectly these reactions may influence to the changes of soil psycal properties during soil waterlogging process. The experiment was aimed to study the changes of two type of acid sulphate soils physical properties during rice straw decomposition processes. The research was conducted in the greenhouse consisting of the three treatment factors using the completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was soil type: potential acid sulphate soil (PASS) and actual acid sulphate soil (AASS). The second factor was height of water waterlogging: 0.5-1.0 cm (muddy water–level condition) and 4.0 cm from above the soil surface (waterlogged). The third factor was organic matter type: rice straw (RS), purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) (PT) and mixed of RS and PT (MX). Soil physical properties such as aggregate stability, total soil porosity, soil permeability, soil particle density and bulk density were observed at the end of experiment (vegetative maximum stage). The results showed that acid sulphate soil type had large effect on soil physicl properties, soil waterlogging decreased aggregate stability, soil particle density and bulk density both of soil type.Keywords : Acid sulphate soils, soil physical properties, and waterlogging [How to Cite: Arifin F, A Susilawati and A Rachman. 2014. Influence of Height Waterlogging on Soil Physical Properties of Potential and Actual Acid Sulphate Soils. J Trop Soils 19(2): 77-83. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.2.77]
The research was carried out on degraded peat land in Kalampangan village, Sebangau District, Palangkaraya, from June to October 2017. The treatments given were factor I; Types of ameliorant material (A1;100% cow manure, A2;50% cow manure+50% biochar, A3;50% cow manure+50% compost from weed in situ, A4; 50% cow manure+50% ash from weeds in situ), and factor II; Dosage of NPK fertilization (D0; without NPK, D1;50% of recommended dose; D2;100% of recommended dose, D3;150% recommended dose). The treatment was arranged in a factorial randomized block design (RBD), and repeated 3 times. Observation variables include the soil pH and P-available, The number of fruit per plant, the weight of chili and chili yields. The results showed that the highest soil pH was indicated by A4D1 treatment. However, the highest soil P indicated by the A4D3 treatment, as well as for the highest chilli yield indicated by A4D3 treatment reached 19 t/ha or increased 6% from the recommended dose (18 t/ha) on the same ameliorant treatment (A4), and increased up to 43% compared to the ameliorant A1 (100% cow manure) on the same dose of NPK fertilizer.
Development of oil palm plantations in swamps in the last ten years has progressed rapidly as a result of limited availability of fertile lands. Due to the nature of the environment, productivity over swamp land is quite different from other ecosystems. Studies reported that average productivity of oil palm in swamps ranges from 0.8-1.2 tons fresh fruit bunch (FFB)/ha/month (equivalently 9-10 t FFB/ha). Economic analysis shows that this productivity level does not provide a benefit to the farmers. It was reported, however, that with the intervention and introduction of good management and technology, productivity of swamp land can reach 25-27 t FFB/ha and on peat soil it can reach 19 t FFB/ha. Socio-economic factors such as capital, knowledge, technology, labor, physical infrastructure or other facilities significantly affect palm oil productivity. Identification of economic, socio-political, and ecological aspects drive a concept of sustainable development for oil palm plantation. This paper reviews results related to this development in the perspective of limiting issues related to sustainability. Development of oil palm plantations expects high productivity and stability, yet promoting equality and local wisdom towards sustainable environment. Good management of soil and water is the key for oil palm farming in swamp lands. There are four properties of sustainable agroecosystems, namely productivity, stability, sustainability and equity.
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