This study aims to produce and investigate the potential of biodegradable Polylactic Acid (PLA)-based composites mixed with chitosan and Turmeric Essential Oil (TEO) as an anti-microbial biomaterial. PLA has good barrier properties for moisture, so it is suitable for use as a raw material for making packaging and is included in the GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe). Chitosan is a non-toxic and antibacterial cationic polysaccharide that needs to be improved in its ability to fight microbes. TEO must be added to increase antibacterial properties due to a large number of hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl functional groups. The samples were prepared in three different variations: 2 g of chitosan, 0 mL TEO and 0 mL glycerol (Biofilm 1), 3 g of chitosan, 0.3 mL TEO and 0.5 mL of glycerol (Biofilm 2), and 4 g of chitosan, 0.3 of TEO and 0.5 mL of glycerol (Biofilm 3). The final product was characterized by its functional group through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR); the functional groups contained by the addition of TEO are C-H, C=O, O-H, and N-H with the extraction method, and as indicated by the emergence of a wide band at 3503 cm−1, turmeric essential oil interacts with the polymer matrix by creating intermolecular hydrogen bonds between their terminal hydroxyl group and the carbonyl groups of the ester moieties of both PLA and Chitosan. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of PLA as biofilms, the maximum temperature of a biofilm was observed at 315.74 °C in the variation of 4 g chitosan, 0.3 mL TEO, and 0.5 mL glycerol (Biofilm 3). Morphological conditions analyzed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the addition of TEO inside the chitosan interlayer bound chitosan molecules to produce solid particles. Chitosan and TEO showed increased anti-bacterial activity in the anti-microbial test. Furthermore, after 12 days of exposure to open areas, the biofilms generated were able to resist S. aureus and E. coli bacteria.
This study reported the reduction of metal Hg(II) from water using natural kaolinite (NK) based adsorbents compared with modified kaolinite adsorbents with Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide anionic surfactants using ultrasonic technology (SMK). These adsorbent samples were characterized using several different techniques such as FTIR, X-RD and AAS analysis. The adsorption capacity is influenced by variables such as the contact time and adsorben dosage. The results of the analysis reported that the maximum waste reduction efficiency occurs in modified kaolin (SMK), where adsorption occurs faster than natural kaolin (NK). The maximum persentation is 94.57% for metal removal efficiency using modified kaolin at the contact time of 45 minutes and the dose of adsobene 1.4 g, while kaolin without modification is 73.83% of efficiency at the contact time of 60 minutes the adsobent dose was 1.4 g. The use of the adsorption method with the help of ultrasonic technology is proven to be more efficient in accelerating the removal of Hg2+ ions by increasing the surface dispersion of the adsorbent with metal ions in water. The adsorption kinetics model that is suitable for calculating the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent in the removal of Hg2+ ions using unmodified kaolin is pseudo-second-order models.
Research has been conducted on the manufacture of PLA Coir Bentonite composites. This study aims to examine the effect of PLA on mechanical strength with the addition of coir and bentonite fillers from North Aceh and Central Aceh. The sample formulations used were single polymer PLA/Coir and PLA/Coir with variations of filler Bentonite Aceh Utara and Aceh Tengah with 2, 4, 6 and 8% respectively. The combination of PCa samples showed the highest bacterial colony growth rate, which was more than 100 colonies/gram during the 1 week testing period. In the PBATd filler mixture sample, the maximum bacterial test value was 65 colonies/gram and the minimum value contained in the PBAUa sample was 105 colonies/gram. The best tensile strength was obtained in the PBATc sample, namely 65 MPa. PBATd samples began to degrade at 370.15oC compared to PCa samples degraded at 280.21oC. While the PBAUa sample began to degrade at a temperature of 282.11oC. The surface structure of the PCa sample is more homogeneous because there is no bentonite filler mixture, but it is brittle and crumbles easily. For the PBATd sample, the surface structure is smoother and more homogeneous compared to the PBAUa sample.
ABSTRAKPemanfaatan sistem photovoltaic untuk mendapatkan enegi listrik dengan menggunakan sistem photovoltaic. Sistem Photovoltaic merupakan suatu modul yang digunakan untuk menyerap panas yang terpapar oleh sinar matahari yang diubah menjadi energi listrik. Tujuan dari peneilitian ini adalah penggunaan modul (panel surya) dengan kapasitas 100 wp dapat menyerap panas yang dikonversikan menjadi energi listrik sebanyak 100 watt/jam yang nantinya diharapkan dapat menjadi penganti listrik konvensional yang akan dimanfaatkan untuk proses penyulingan. Perlakuan yang dilakukan dengan memvariasi waktu penyulingan minyak gaharu divariasikan dalam 3 jam, 4,5 jam dan 6 jam dan waktu perendaman bahan baku juga divariasikan dalam 14 hari, 16 hari, 18 hari dan 20 hari. Pengujian minyak nilam hasil penyulingan menggunakan solarcell dengan memanfaatkan metode photovoltaic untuk analisa senyawa menggunakan kromatografi Gas-Spektrometri Massa (GC-MS) senyawa kimia yang terindentifikasi memiliki % luas terbesar adalah gualiol yaitu sebesar 52,75%, selinene sebesar 17,80% dan panasinsen yaitu sebesar 5,90%. Pelakuan perendaman selama 18 hari dengan waktu operasi selama 6 jam. Sedangkan pada pengujian kerapatan dari minyak gaharu diperoleh nilai tertinggi pada waktu destilat selama 3 jam dengan lama perendaman 16 hari yaitu sebesar 0,8894 kg/cm3. Waktu penyulingan berpengaruh terhadap berat jenis minyak, semakin lama proses penyulingan maka, semakin meningkat berat jenis yang diperoleh. Kata kunci : Penyulingan; Essensial oil; Photovoltaic;
ABSTRAKPLA (Poly Lactid Acid) dengan penambahan serat sabut kelapa (Coir) sebagai pengisi dengan memvariasikan fraksi volume polimer: pengisi yaitu 80% : 20% (XcN1, XcN2) , 70% : 30% (XcN3, XcN4), 60% : 40% (XcN5, XcN6) dan 50% : 50% (XcN7, XcN8). Serat sabut kelapa yang digunakan sebagai bahan pengisi terlebih dahulu dimodifikasi menggunakan NaOH dengan variasi konsentrasi 30% dan 40%. Komposit PLA-sabut dibentuk dengan pencampuran melalui metode peleburan dengan ekstruder dan hot press. Berdasarkan hasil uji termal pada TGA pada sampel XcN8 di dapat kekuatan termal yang baik yaitu 399,17oC, menunjukkan peningkatan suhu degradasi termal pada komposit dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi NaOH. Nilai kuat tarik maksimum terdapat pada komposit PLA-Coir dengan variasi konsentrasi NaOH 40%, fraksi volume 50% : 50% dan waktu tahan selama 25 menit dengan nilai 22,63 MPa. Dari hasil pengujian lentur, kuat lentur komposit juga meningkat dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi NaOH dan jumlah filler yang digunakan. Hasil analisis (FT-IR) terhadap pada sampel XcN8 dapat dilihat bahwa terdapat gugus fungsi –OH. Hal ini dapat dilihat pita serapan 3192,33 cm-1 yang merupakan gugus –OH dari lignin. Kemudian dari pengujian SEM sampel dengan perendaman NaOH 40% memberikan kemampuan homogenitas antara serat dan polimer pada pembuatan komposit memiliki seratnya cukup baik. Kata kunci : Polylactid Acid, Pengisi, Sabut, Komposit, NaOH
Biodegradable polymers are seen as a potential solution for the environment generated by plastic waste. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of adding a catalyst to the manufacture of PLA/PCL-Catechin-Chitosan as a raw material for making plastics . This research was carried out with variations in the addition of ZnO catalyst 0.1 % (PPXya), 0.2% (PPXyb) and 0.3% (PPXyc ). From the results of the analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) obtained stretching groups of OH, CO and C= O at wavelengths (3860, 1060 and 1753) cm-1 at the addition of 0.3% ZnO catalyst (PPXyc ). Based on the analysis of the thermal stability using Thermogravimetry (TGA) the decomposition temperature was obtained at 387℃ with the addition of catalyst 0.3% (PPXyc ). Morphological analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface structure of PLA was in the form of widespread lumps. The more concentration of additional catalyst used can affect the formation of PLA/PCL-Catechin-Chitosan. The result of the tensile test tensile analysus are greater the addition of ZnO catalyst in the sample PLA-PCL-Catechin-hitosan can to be able to increase the tensile value of the of the sample.
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