Background:Lead is one of the most toxic metals, producing severe organ damage in animals and humans. Oxidative stress is reported to play an important role in lead acetate-induced liver injury.Aim:This study was carried out to investigate the role of ethanol extract of Eucheuma cottonii in protecting against lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in male mice.Materials and Methods:The sample used fifty male mice which were divided into five groups: negative control (mice were given daily with Aquadest); positive control (mice were given daily with lead acetate 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) orally once in a day for 21 days); and the treatment group (mice were given E. cottonii extracts 200 mg, 400 mg, and 800 mg/kg BW orally once in a day for 25 days, and on the 4th day, were given lead acetate 20 mg/kg BW 1 h after E. cottonii extract administration for 21 days). On day 25, the levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. The data of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, MDA, SOD, and GPx were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, followed by least significant difference test.Results:The results showed that oral administration of lead acetate 20 mg/kg BW for 21 days resulted in a significant increase in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and MDA levels. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in SOD and GPx levels. Treatment with E. cottonii extracts of 800 mg/kg BW but not with 200 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the elevated SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and MDA levels as compared to positive control group. Treatment with E. cottonii extracts of 800 mg/kg BW also showed a significant increase in SOD and GPx levels as compared to positive control group. Treating mice with lead acetate showed different histopathological changes such as loss of the normal structure of hepatic cells, blood congestion, and fatty degeneration whereas animals treated with lead acetate and E. cottonii extracts showed an improvement in these changes and the tissue appeared with normal structures.Conclusion:It can be concluded that E. cottonii extracts could be a potent natural product and can provide a promising hepatoprotective effect against lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.SUMMARY In summary, Oxidative stress reported to play an important role in lead acetate induced liver injury. The lead acetate treatment significantly increased the SGOT, SGPT, ALP, MDA, and decreased the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) in liver. The inhibition of antioxidant enzymes will increase free radicals in liver tissues and might induce liver injury in mice. The presence of ethanol extract of Eucheuma cottonii with lead acetate showed protective effects as attenuating lead acetate against its liver toxicity, and this may be due to the activity of ethanol extract of Eucheuma cottonii as antioxidant. The antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) were increased, and MDA, SGOT, SGPT, ALP were decreased after ...

Swamedikasi merupakan suatu upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengobati penyakit ringan dengan pemilihan obat-obatan yang tepat. Jika swamedikasi tidak dilakukan dengan tepat akan membuat penyakit semakin parah. Pengetahuan yang   baik dapat membantu masyarakat melakukan swamedikasi dengan baik dan tepat. Gastritis adalah gangguan kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh faktor iritasi dan infeksi pada mukosa dan submukosa lambung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat pengetahuan terhadap perilaku swamedikasi pada mahasiswa. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik observasional, dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional. Tehnik pengumpulan sampel menggunakan Purposive Sampling, dengan jumlah sampel 96 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah kuisioner pengetahuan dan perilaku sebanyak 10 pertanyaan dengan pilihan jawaban berskala Guttman yang telah valid dan skala likert yang telah valid 11 pertanyaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2021 pada Prodi Farmasi Universitas Hang Tuah di Surabaya. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS versi 26. Analisis statitik korelasi pada penelitian ini menggunakan korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil analisis menunjukkan taraf singnifikasi sebesar 0,041 yang berarti adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku swamedikasi gastritis, Nilai r hitung diperoleh sebesar 0,347 menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel memiliki hubungan cukup. Dari hasil korelasi dapat menunjukkan angka korelasi positif yang berarti kedua variabel tersebut memiliki jenis hubungan yang searah.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak rumput laut merah terhadap kadar SGOT dan SGPT serum tikus yang terpapar timbal per oral. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 50 tikus jantan yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok: kontrol negatif (tikus diberi CMC / karboksi metil selulosa 0,5%); kontrol positif (tikus diberi CMC 0,5% dan timbal asetat 20 mg / kg BB secara oral satu kali dalam sehari selama 10 hari); dan kelompok perlakuan (tikus diberi ekstrak rumput laut merah 200 mg; 400 mg; 800 mg / kg BB secara oral satu kali sehari selama 28 hari dan timbal asetat 20 mg / kg BB pada hari ke 7, satu jam setelah pemberian  ekstrak rumput laut merah selama 21 hari. Pada hari ke 14 diukur kadar MDA, SGOT dan SGPT. Seluruh data dianalisis dengan ANOVA satu arah dan dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian timbal asetat 20 mg / kg BB per oral selama 21 hari meningkatkan kadar SGOT, SGPT dan MDA secara signifikan. Pemberian ekstrak rumput laut merah dengan dosis 800 mg / kg BB secara signifikan (P <0,05) menurunkan kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif. Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak rumput laut merah memiliki aktivitas nephrotoprotektif  terhadap timbal asetat yang menginduksi hepatotoksisitas pada tikus.

One of the factors that influence employee job satisfaction is the amount of compensation received by employees every month and a comfortable work environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of compensation and work environment in increasing employee job satisfaction at PT. Indonesian Veneta. The population in this study were all employees of PT. Veneta Indonesia as many as 63 people, using a census sampling technique where all of the population is used as a sample. Data analysis processing techniques used are descriptive analysis, data quality test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, and analysis of the coefficient of determination. Then the data is processed using multiple linear regression analysis and processed using SPSS version 22.0. The results of the study with a level of 5% found that Compensation has a positive and significant effect on Employee Job Satisfaction, Work Environment has a positive and significant effect on Employee Job Satisfaction, and Compensation and work environment simultaneously have a significant effect on Employee Job Satisfaction. The results of the study show that giving financial compensation on time and providing additional benefits which are of course in accordance with applicable regulations can increase employee job satisfaction.