Soft coral Nepthea sp. grows in the seas of South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, information on the chemical and pharmaceutical aspects of this genus is still limited. Therefore, this research aims to explore the chemical contents and biological activities of Nepthea sp. The sample was collected from the waters of Saponda Island by SCUBA diving. It was extracted by ethyl acetate and fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography. The chemical content was analyzed by phytochemical screening, LC-MS/MS analysis, Total Phenolics Content and Total Flavonoids Contents. Antioxidant potency was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). Cytotoxicity property was analyzed by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. The result showed that the fractionation of Nepthea ethylacetate extracts produced six fractions (A-F). Fractions A and B contain non-polar compounds. Based on LC-MS/MS data, the non-polar compounds in Fraction A and B include achillin, atractylenolide II, buthyl isobuthyl phthalate, rengyolester, 2a-acetoxycostic acid, ocotillol acetate, petasitolone and some unidentified compounds that are C33H58O4, C15H21NO, C21H33NO, and C16H20O4. In general, the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of all samples are in the weak category, however, when examined for each sample, the antioxidant properties of fraction B is slightly better than fraction A based on the IC50 value of DPPH and ABTS. Cytotoxicity of Fraction A is better than Fraction B against Breast Cancer cell lines MCF-7. The non-polar fraction of Nepthea sp. can be developed as raw material for the discovery of new compounds, antioxidant and anticancer agents, especially breast cancer.

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Etlingera elatior have many biological properties. Thus, we aim to isolate and to evaluate radical scavenger potency of compounds from Etlingera elatior fruits and antidiabetic potency of the ethanol fruits extract. E. elatior fruits were collected from the Wolasi Forest, South East Sulawesi. The isolation was carried out by using chromatography technique and the compound structures were evaluated by interpreting spectroscopic data (FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR). The radical scavenger activity was evaluated towards DPPH (1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl-hydrazyl) radicals. Antidiabetic activity was carried out in experimental animals, as well as the histopathology of pancreatic organ. Four aromatic compounds have been isolated and identified, quercetin (1) as flavonoid, firstly reported from E.elatior fruits, p-coumaric acid (2), vanilic acid (3), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4). Radical scavenger potency of quercetin> vanilic acid>p-hydroxybenzoic acid>p-coumaric acid> the extract. Ethanol extract of Wualae fruits showed activity as antidiabetic and protective effect to beta cell at concentration 200; 300; and 400mg/kgBw, with most effective in decreasing plasma glucose and protecting beta cell was 400 mg/KgBw. E.elatior fruits possess pronounced radical scavenger and anti-diabetic properties which may be due to the presence quercetin in the plant. Therefore, the fruit’s extract can be further developed for the cosmetics and diabetic management.

Nepthea sp. is a soft coral that grows abundantly in the seas of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, there is no information available regarding its pharmacological or chemical characteristics. As a result, the goal of this research was to uncover the chemical profile of the Nepthea sp. ethyl acetate subfractions, as well as their antioxidant and anticancer potential. The sample was extracted with ethyl acetate and then fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography with Si-gel as an adsorbent and a chosen solvent as an eluent. Phytochemical tests, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy/Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS), and total phenolic content were used to determine the chemical content. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals were used to test the antioxidant potency, whereas MCF-7 cell lines were used in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide experiment to evaluate cytotoxicity. The fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract (160 g) produced six subfractions: Fractions A (35.2 g), B (4.3 g), C (5.9 g), D (10.7 g), E (26.5 g), and F (15.4 g). According to the DPPH and ABTS results, fraction E has the highest antioxidant potency (IC 50 = 67.39 ± 1.56 and 54.12 ± 0.95 mgl −1 , respectively), and fraction C has the highest anticancer activity (IC 50 = 72.82 ± 1.30 mgl −1 ). Fraction C components include 3-acetyl-3,4-dihydro-5,6-dimethoxy-2(1)H-benzopyrone, oxyphyllenone B, and unidentified chemicals, according to LC-MS/MS data (C 15 H 21 NO, C 21 H 33 NO 2 , C 15 H 23 NO 3 , C 15 H 21 NO 2 , C 15 H 21 NO 3 , and C 45 H 84 O 14). Rengyolester, piperolactam-C9:1(8E), valine, and unidentified chemicals (C 52 H 79 N 3 O, C 32 H 51 NO 7 ) make up fraction E. As a result, the ethyl acetate extract and its subfractions from Nepthea sp., especially fractions C and E, can be used as a source of raw materials for anticancer agents and antioxidants, respectively.

The utilization of the stems, leaves, and hulls of peanuts (Arachis hypogea) is not as popular as the seeds. This study aimed to investigate the chemical contents and pharmacological activities of A. hypogaea stems in-vitro and in-silico. This study was also completed with bibliometric analysis. The methanol extract (ME) was reextracted by ethylacetate to get ethyl acetate extract (EAE). The chemical contents of EAE were analyzed by phytochemical screening, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS), TPC (Total Phenolic Content), and TFC (Total Flavonoid Content). In-vitro and in-silico studies evaluated antioxidant potency, toxicity, and cytotoxicity toward MCF-7 cell lines. The results showed that EAE contained terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics which were supported by LC-MS/MS data. The EAE was categorized as a very strong antioxidant and moderately active in both cytotoxicity and toxicity.

Melanoma skin cancer is a malignant melanocyte tumor considered the most invasive and dangerous skin cancer, with an average five-year survival rate of less than 5% after metastasis. Thus, a new strategy for preventing and treating cancer from the natural product is required. Medicinal plants are the potential as an alternative against cancer. This review article aims to determine natural products from medicinal plants which have the potential as an anticancer in melanoma skin cancer in vitro and in vivo. 40 plants have been selected based on the selection criteria for anticancer compounds. In vitro studies showed that the plant can reduce cell viability through cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis induction and inhibit angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in human melanoma skin cancer. Therefore, further research is required to explore more plants, especially medicinal plants, their active compounds, and the mechanism of anticancer action to be used as standard herbal medicines.

Soft coral of Lobophytum sp. grows a lot in the seas of South East Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, no information has been found regarding the study of chemical and pharmaceutical aspects of this genus from this area. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present the results of a general study on the pharmaceutical and chemical aspects of Lobophytum sp. The sample was collected from the water of Saponda Island, and than extracted by ethyl acetate. The chemical content was analyzed using phytochemical tests and LCMSMS. Antioxidant potency was evaluated by DPPH radicals and ABTS methods, cytotoxicity towards MCF7 cell line using MTT assays, and toxicity by BSLT. The results showed that the ethylacetate extract has potential as an antioxidant and cytotoxic against MCF7 cell lines which is indicated by IC50 value. The antioxidant potential was revealed by IC50 (g/L) 84.99 (DPPH), and 67.99 (ABTS). In addition, the cytotoxicity presented by IC50 (g/L) 37.35 and 50.07 for BSLT. Those activities were supported by the qualitative phytochemical screening that exhibited the extract contains terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids and phenolics compounds. LCMSMS data indicated that ethylacetate extract has arachidonic acid, edultin, fragransol D, neociwujiaphenol, pluviatelol, and some unidentified compounds with molecular formulas C21H26O8, C23H47N3O, C32H51NO7, C31H47NO3, C33H51NO3.

Nepthea sp., a soft coral In Indonesia's South-East Sulawesi, it thrives. The chemical and pharmacological properties of this genus have not been studied in this location. As a result, the goal of this page is to offer a broad overview of both properties of Nepthea sp. The sample was taken from Hoga Island. Methanol was used to extract the material, which was then fractionated with hexane and ethyl acetate to produce n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions. Vacuum liquid chromatography was also used to fractionate the ethyl acetate fraction. Phytochemical screening, LC-MS/MS, Total Phenolics Content (TPC), and Total Flavonoids Content (TFC) were used to determine the chemical contents. DPPH radicals and ABTS were used to assess antioxidant activity and MTT assays for cytotoxicity. Six subfractions are produced by fractioning the ethyl acetate fraction (160 g), with the most polar subfraction (F) weighing 15.4 g. The phenolics and flavonoids constituents in Subfraction F have IC50 values of 68.77±4.8 mg GAE/g extract and 0.22±0.1 mgQE/g extract, respectively. The presence of phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids in the subfraction F is supported by the LC-MS/MS data, Subfraction F has 3-ter-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (terpenoids or phenolics compound), isosalsoline (alkaloids), valine (amin acid), and several unidentified chemicals with molecular formulas C15H23NO3, C33H47NO4, C29H49NO3 (alkaloids or amino acid) and C8H18O3 (phenolic compound).The IC50 values (mg/L) of 101.1 ± 8.8 (DPPH) and 89.76 ± 7.5 (ABTS) indicate that F has antioxidant capacity, and it is also cytotoxic against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) with an IC50 of 170.72±6.5mg/mL.