The usage of pesticide to eradicate pest cause resurgence, resistance, explosion of secondary pest and the destroyed of the natural enemy. One of pest that attack paddy is white back pest (Sogatella furcifera Horvath). By using the natural enemy of predatory insect able to decrease the pesticide usage. The research aimed at knowing the predation of Synharmonia conglobata Linnaeus predator toward white back pest (Sogatella furcifera Horvath) as the prey and the influence of dark and light time. The research is experimental research by using random design with two treatments and 4 replications. The treatment with predator given symbol (P) used 2 predators and 25 pests. And the without predators given symbol as (K). The data collection was done in 14 days, at 07.00 WIB and 15.00 WIB with 2 days interval. The research parameter is the preyed pest by predator. Data analysis by using unpaired t test with significance level of 1% The results showed that Synharmonia conglobata Linnaeus has predation toward white back pest (Sogatella furcifera Horvath). From data, the predator prey pest in the light time 1.18 pest per day and in dark time 0.94 pest per day. Based on t test (0.01) showed the significant differences between treatment and control wither in light or dark time.<br /><br />Keywords: Mortality, predatory insect, white back pest, and visualisation.<br /><br />
Mango mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra) is a plant that has the potential as a medicinal plant. Mango mistletoe is reported to contain the flavonoids quercetin, mesoinositol, rutin, and tannins. Hypertension as a non-communicable disease is a very serious health problem experienced by people in developing countries. Hypertension can be caused by high ROS (reactive oxygen species) which can inhibit oxygen flow to the heart and brain. Antioxidants can reduce the risk of hypertension. Damage to the brain due to hypertension is manifest in the white matter area. This study aimed to see how the histopathological profile of the brain in hypertensive rats (DOCA-Salt) which were given mango mistletoe methanolic extract (MMME) by experimental method. The number of tested animals was 25 male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups, each group contained 5 rats, they were negative control (Control-) as normotension, positive control (Control+) as inducer, and the treatment group with the provision of MMME at a dose of 50 mg / kgBW, 100 mg / kgBW, and 200 mg / kgBW. Data were analyzed using JAMOVI 1.1.9.0. Based on the results of the study showed that the difference in significant values between all groups was p<0.05. So, that giving EMBM to male rat significantly can decrease the number of cell necrosis and affect the width of the white matter area of the brain. The three dose variations did not show a significant difference, so this effect was controlled by the MMME dose of 50 mg / KgBW which was the optimum dose in reducing the amount of cell necrosis in the white matter area of the male Wistar rat brain.
Beberapa jenis herbal dari kelompok benalu dan famili Loranthaceae juga berpotensi sebagai antihipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui profil histopatologi jantung pada tikus hipertensi (DOCA-Garam) yang dipapar Kombinasi Ekstrak Metanolik Benalu Teh dan Benalu Mangga (EMBTBM) selama 14 hari dengan metode true eksperimental design dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pada 50 ekor tikus, dibedakan menjadi 5 perlakuan yaitu kontrol (-), kontrol (+), perlakuan 1 dosis 50 mg/KgBB, perlakuan 2 dosis 100 mg/KgBB dan perlakuan 3 dosis 200 mg/KgBB. Setiap perlakuan terdapat 5 kali ulangan. Dalam menganalisis data digunakan uji ANOVA one way yaitu JAMOVI dengan versi 1.1.9.0. Sedangkan untuk perhitungan diameter sel menggunakan aplikasi IMAGE J. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profil histopatologi jantung pada tikus hipertensi (DOCA-Garam) yang dipapar EMBTBM selama 14 hari pada nekrosis sel jantung menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata antara kelompok kontrol (+) dengan kontrol (-), perlakuan 1, 2, dan 3. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil analisis p-value < 0.05 yaitu 0.002 sehingga disimpulkan bahwa EMBTBM berpengaruh terhadap jumlah rerata nekrosis sel organ jangtung. Terdapat perbedaan yang nyata juga pada jumlah diameter sel jantung tikus hipertensi antara kelompok kontrol (+) dengan kontrol (-), perlakuan 1, 2, dan 3. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil analisis menunjukkan p-value < 0.05 yaitu 0.021, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa EMBTBM dapat mengecilkan diameter sel pada organ jantung. Kata kunci: Hipertensi, Jantung, Ventrikel Kiri, Histopatologi Anatomi, EMBTBM.
Hipertensi merupakan suatu keadaan yang diakibatkan oleh desakan darah terhadap dinding-dinding arteri saat darah tersebut dipompa dari jantung ke jaringan. Dalam keadaan hipertensi dapat menstimulasi terbentuknya senyawa oksigen rekatif Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Penggunaan antioksidan eksogen dalam mencegah terjadinya stres oksidatif secara alternatif dapat menggunakan tanaman herbal. Tanaman herbal contohnya seperti benalu teh dan benalu mangga yang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas superoxide dismutase (SOD) dan menurunkan konsentrasi malondialdehyde (MDA). Penelitian ini tujuannya yaitu mengkaji lebih lanjut peran ekstrak metanolik kombinasi benalu teh dan benalu mangga (EMBTBM) terhadap superoxida dismutase (SOD) pada tikus hipertansi yang dipapar DOCA-garam dengan menggunakan metode eksperimental. Menggunakan 25 ekor tikus wistar jantan, terdiri dari 5 perlakuan yaitu kontrol (-), kontrol (+), kelompok perlakuan kombinasi benalu teh dan benalu mangga dengan dosis berturut-turut 50, 100, dan 200 mg/KgBB dengan lima pengulangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar peningkatan SOD dengan pemberian kombinasi EMBTBM pada kelompok kontrol (+) berbeda sangat nyata dengan kelompok kontrol (-), perlakuan 1, 2, dan 3. Perbedaan sangat nyata ini dikarenakan nilai p-value = < 0.001 (<0.05). Manfaat dari penelitian ini yaitu dapat dijadikan acuan peran kombinasi benalu teh dan benalu mangga terhadap superoxide dismutase (SOD) pada tikus hipertensi yang dipapar DOCA-garam. Kata kunci: Hipertensi, EMBTBM, SOD.
The objective of this study was to investigate the bioactivity, toxicity, and interaction of the prepared bioactive compounds from Scurrula atropurpurea and Dendrophthoe pentandra with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) macromolecule via an in-silico route. The bioactivity was investigated through Way2Drug PASS Online program. The drug-likeness property and human intestinal absorption of the bioactive compounds were evaluated through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) analysis. The interaction of bioactive compounds with ACE was examined via a molecular-specific docking analysis. The crystal structure of ACE was evaluated using the protein database 1086 chain A. The results elucidated that the prepared compounds exhibited potential bioactive agents for vasodilation, vasoprotective, and cardioprotective applications based on PASS analysis. The ADME analysis also revealed that the flavonol 3-O-D-glucoside did not violate any of the Lipinski's rule and had high gastrointestinal absorption. Furthermore, the results also suggested that the flavonol 3-O-D-glucoside of mistletoes had a harmless LD50 but was not recommended to be used for a long period. The molecular docking revealed that the flavonol 3-O-D-glucoside had the lowest binding energy with a value of −8.3 kcal.mol−1, suggesting the potential inhibitor for ACE. Generally, the toxicity and molecular docking analysis showed the compounds inhibited the ACE macromolecule with a series of flavonol > kaempferol > casticin > quercetin > quercitrin > isoquercitrin. Therefore, the S. atropurpurea and D. pentandra from Indonesian natural resources open new excellent potency for traditional herbal medicines, especially to treat hypertension. Keywords: ACE inhibitor, D. pentandra, hypertension, S. atropurpurea, traditional herbal
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