Rice husk ash (RHA), palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge and decanter cake can be utilized together in compost production to minimize the environmental pollution. This study aims to evaluate the role of different composition of RHA in enhancing the physicochemical properties of palm oil-based compost. The composts were prepared by mixing different composition of RHA, in the range of 0% to 30%, with 1:1 (wt/wt) weight ratio of POME sludge and decanter cake. The moisture content, water holding capacity, pH, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), silica (Si) contents, and C:N ratio of raw materials were analyzed by using CHNS and WDXRF analyzers. The composting process was conducted in compost containers for 60 days, in which the temperature and pH of the composts were monitored daily. The finished composts were analyzed for physicochemical properties as same as raw materials. For physical properties of finished composts, RHA30 had the highest moisture content and water holding capacity which was 1.9 to 23.8% (wt/wt) and 4.2 to 26.8% higher compared to other finished composts, respectively. For chemical properties, the highest N and P contents were recorded by control compost. However, for K and Si content, the elements were found to be higher in RHA10 and RHA30, respectively, compared to other finished composts. Overall, RHA, POME sludge and decanter cake combination in compost production can create a well-balanced condition for the compost to perform effectively as an organic fertilizer. The addition of 5% to 10% RHA in compost formulation made from palm oil mill wastes is suggested to achieve the desirable condition.

How can a company stay in business? What method is used to keep a business afloat in this volatile world? All of these considerations point to two (two) critical factors in business and entrepreneurial practice: resilience and sustainability. To address those statements, this study develops a framework of baseline strategy to achieve business sustainability, spanning four levels: business growth, entrepreneurs, organization and crisis. We drew on resilience theory and the literatures to include elements in supporting and strengthen the role of resilience towards business sustainability and form a proposed model to achieve business sustainability by using resilience as a basic strategy. Finally, apart from delivering sustainability model, this study brings out strategies can be conducted by each actor and variable relate to the model.

Research on green entrepreneurship behavior is still leaving questions related to the support against the grand theory that has been already acknowledged by academicians or practitioners. This article serves as a literature review of recent findings related to green entrepreneurship behavior variables reviewed from the underlying theories. Using content analysis from previous research articles, the researchers conducted a study that focused on the underlying theories and antecedents of the green entrepreneurship behavior variable. The article selection process is based on internationally reputed journals published over the past five years (2017-2021), searches on the Science Direct web, using the keywords 'green entrepreneurship', 'sustainable entrepreneurship', 'ecopreneurship', environment entrepreneurship, and 'antecedents'. The results showed that there are various theoretical concepts that can be used to explain and determined the antecedents of green entrepreneurship behavior. This includes psychological, personality traits, and contextual factors that were identified as antecedents of green entrepreneurship behavior. For further research, there are many related issues that can be analyzed, such as the decision-making process to become green entrepreneurs, the implementation of green entrepreneurship practices, etc.

One of the key indicator for membrane film excellencies is by having a good ideal selectivity, and it is defined as the permeability ratio of two pure gases which be separated. This study focused on factors screening and interaction between involved factors in membrane film development on gas selectivity by employing 24 fractional factorial design (FFD). A total of four factors; Pebax concentration, bath temperature, evaporation times and quenching times were chosen to run simultaneously and ideal selectivity was chosen as a single respond. Order of contribution was found to be as follows; Pebax concentration > quenching times > bath temperature > evaporation times, while the most impacting factors towards gas selectivity was Pebax concentration (main effect), evaporation times - Pebax concentration (interaction effect), quenching times (main effect). The composite film produced via this design of experiment managed to obtain higher barrer of CO2 permeability of 393 and selectivity of 64.75. The outcome of the study indicates a very strong judgement in utilizing FFD to minimize and eliminate factors by considering the interaction among the factors involves in membrane film development for an ideal gas selectivity.

Recently, the increase in demand for rice has led to the numerous availabilities of rice husks (RH) in Malaysia. RH is being utilized as industrial fuel to generate electricity through incineration process in the boiler. During the incineration process, rice husk ash (RHA) is being produced as the by-product and caused environmental pollution. RHA has the potential of being utilized as organic fertilizer through a composting process to control environmental pollution. Thus, this study investigated the effect of different compositions on the duration of the composting process and physicochemical properties of compost. The raw materials and finished compost were analyzed in terms of elemental composition, pH, water holding capacity, and moisture content. The obtained results showed that addition of 7.5 wt.% of RHA can improve composting process due to the presence of silica which can maintain the moisture content within 50–60% and water holding capacity of compost at the range of 61-73%. The results of this study have clearly shown the potential of the compositing process in treating RHA. However, further studies are required to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in facilitating the development of an optimum treatment system applicable to the industry.