Financial technology could be an effective tool to achieve financial inclusion. However, it needed a certain level of readiness of society. In this paper, we investigated the determinants of readiness in the implementation of digital financial services which led to cashless society. We did a survey on 993 adults in a province in Indonesia using proportional sampling technique. Estimated using ordinary least square, our empirical results showed that readiness perception had high correlation with the quality of supporting infrastructure. By taking into account some demographic factors, we found that more educated and younger people had high spirit to adopt this system. Evidence showed that men were more enthusiastic in using such technological-based system. However, we did not find an evidence on the difference of readiness perception between those living in rural and those living urban areas. Abstrak Teknologi keuangan dapat menjadi suatu alat yang efektif untuk mencapai inklusi keuangan. Namun, itu memerlukan tingkat kesiapan masyarakat yang cukup. Dalam paper ini, kami meneliti determinan dari kesiapan implementasi layanan keuangan digital yang mendorong pada masyarakat non-tunai. Kami melakukan survei pada 993 orang dewasa in suatu provinsi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel proporsional. Diestimasi menggunakan ordinary least square, hasil empiris kami menunjukkan bahwa persepsi kesiapan berkorelasi tinggi dengan kualitas dari infrastruktur pendukung. Dengan memasukkan beberapa faktor demografi, kami menemukan bahwa orang yang lebih teredukasi dan lebih muda bersemangat untuk mengadopsi sistem ini. Sedikit bukti ditemukan bahwa laki-laki lebih antusias untuk menggunakan sistem berbasis teknologi tersebut. Namun demikian, kami tidak menemukan bukti mengenai perbedaaan persepsi kesiapan antara mereka yang tinggal di daerah pedesaan dan perkotaan.
The Covid-19 outbreak has forced various organizations to adjust work designs to comply with health protocols. Flexible work arrangement is a model that is widely used, including flextime and work from home. This study analyzes the impact of flexible work arrangements on affective commitment, job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, and work engagement, which lead to employee happiness. A total of 405 respondents who work in local governments in Indonesia participated in an online survey using the snowball sampling technique. Data were analyzed using partial least squares. This study found a significant effect of flexible work arrangements on affective commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. It means that employees perceive a flexible work arrangement policy as an organizational effort to protect employees from Covid-19. Thus, it makes employees showing their affective commitment and willingness to have organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, and work engagement have been shown to affect employee happiness. This finding has implications for leaders to develop flexible work arrangements as alternative work designs, especially during times of crises such as a pandemic. Further research recommendations are emphasized to examine other flexible work arrangements according to contextual needs.
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