This systematic review aimed to investigate the available quality of evidence (QOE) of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for liver transplantation (LT) on short-term outcomes, grade recommendations, and identify relevant components for ERAS protocols. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on short-term outcomes after LT when applying comprehensive ERAS protocols (> 1 ERAS component) versus control groups (CRD42021210374), following the GRADE approach for grading QOE and strength of recommendations. Endpoints were morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and readmission rates after ERAS for LT. Of 858 screened articles, two randomized controlled trials, two prospective, and one retrospective cohort studies were included (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019)(2020). Frequent ERAS components were early extubation and postoperative antibiotic, fluid, and nutrition management. Overall complications were reduced in ERAS versus control cohorts (OR .4 (CI .2, .7), with no significant differences in mortality and hospital readmission rates. Intensive care unit and hospital length of stay were shorter in ERAS groups (percentage decrease, 55% and 29%, respectively). QOE for individual outcomes was rated moderate to low. ERAS protocols in LT are related to improved short-term outcomes after LT (QOE; Moderate to low | Grade of Recommendation; Strong), but currently lack standardization.

A 57-year-old male presented to the emergency department with right upper quadrant pain and constitutional symptoms. Initial investigation revealed biliary sepsis with features of chronic cholecystitis, multiple liver abscesses and a fistulous connection between the gallbladder and colon. He was subsequently diagnosed with a cholecysto-colonic fistula, an unusual complication of biliary pathology, with an incidence of 0.06–0.14% at cholecystectomy. It is the second most common form of cholecystoenteric fistula, the first of which is cholecystoduodenal. A preoperative diagnosis was suggested using computed tomography and sinogram imaging. The associated liver abscesses together with the xanthogranulomatous inflammation found on histopathology, makes the case particularly exceptional.

An arteriovenous malformation is a rare vascular anomaly composed of a complex network of interconnected arteries and veins of the scalp. It is usually congenital, but infrequently occurs after trauma. Over the years, several terms have been used to describe these lesions, such as cirsoid/rasemose/arteriovenous aneurysm, plexiform angioma and aneurysma serpentinum, or arteriovenous fistula when a single connection exists. Head and neck malformations occur in 0.1% of the population. Involvement of the superficial temporal artery is rare, occurring in about 0.5% to 2.0% of cases. They are diagnosed by angiography and can be managed by endovascular or open resection. The case of a 23-year-old man who presented with a pulsatile head mass after blunt trauma 5 years prior is presented. This entity was diagnosed as an arteriovenous malformation supplied by the superficial temporal arteries. He subsequently underwent successful open exploration and resection. The information is presented with the patient's consent.

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Introduction Inflammatory pseudo-tumour (IPT) of the colon is a rare entity with an obscure pathophysiology and largely indeterminate aetiology. Presentation of case A young male patient presented with an Alvarado score of 9/10 and was admitted for appendectomy. An irregular hepatic flexure mass was discovered intraoperatively. The patient underwent an oncological right hemicolectomy with lymphadenectomy under the supposition that it was malignant and recovered with no short or long-term repercussions. Haemoxylin and eosin staining of the mass revealed features of a benign IPT. Discussion IPTs have clinical and radiological features that may be indistinguishable from those of malignancies, often resulting in extensive oncological resections despite recurrence and malignant transformation being negligibly rare. Conclusion Benign pathologies such as IPT that mimic malignancy can sometimes result in extensive investigations or radical resections, the justification of which can only be a point of contention in retrospect. The following report explores our experience with one such patient and is accompanied by a review of the literature.