Background:The 21-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) is a scale that measures three domains of eating behavior: cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE) and emotional eating (EE). Objectives: To assess the factor structure and reliability of TFEQ-R21 (and if necessary, refine the structure) in diverse populations of obese and non-obese individuals. Design: Data were obtained from obese adults in a United States/Canadian clinical trial (n ¼ 1741), and overweight, obese and normal weight adults in a US web-based survey (n ¼ 1275). Confirmatory factor analyses were employed to investigate the structure of TFEQ-R21 using baseline data from the clinical trial. The model was refined to obtain adequate fit and internal consistency. The refined model was then tested using the web-based data. Relationships between TFEQ domains and body mass index (BMI) were examined in both populations. Results: Clinical data indicated that TFEQ-R21 needed refinement. Three items were removed from the CR domain, producing the revised version TFEQ-R18V2 (Comparative Fit Index (CFI) ¼ 0.91). Testing TFEQ-R18V2 in the web-based sample supported the revised structure (CFI ¼ 0.96; Cronbach's coefficient a of 0.78-0.94). Associations with BMI were small. In the clinical study, the CR domain showed a significant and negative association with BMI. On the basis of the web-based survey, it was shown that the relationship between BMI and CR is population-dependent (obese versus non-obese, healthy versus diabetics). Conclusions: In two independent datasets, the TFEQ-R18V2 showed robust factor structure and good reliability. It may provide a useful tool for characterizing UE, CR and EE.

Background: The Power of Food Scale (PFS) was developed to assess the psychological impact of today's food-abundant environments. Objective: To evaluate the structure of the PFS in diverse populations of obese and nonobese individuals. Design: Data were obtained from obese adults in a clinical trial for a weight management drug (n ¼ 1741), and overweight, obese and normal weight adults in a Web-based survey (n ¼ 1275). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to investigate the PFS structure using the clinical data. The model developed was then tested using the Web-based data. Relationships between PFS domains and body mass index (BMI) were examined. Logistic regression was used in the Web-based survey to evaluate the association between obesity status and PFS scores. Results: Clinical data indicated that the scale was best represented by a 15-item version with three subscale domains and an aggregate domain (average of three domains); this was confirmed with data from the Web-based survey (Comparative Fit Index: 0.95 and 0.94 for the clinical and Web-based studies, respectively). Cronbach's a for both data sets was high, ranging from 0.81 to 0.91. The relationships between BMI and each domain were weak (and approximately linear). A full category increase in PFS domain score (range 1-5) increased the odds of being obese 1.6-2.3 times. Conclusions: The 15-item PFS is best represented by three domains and an aggregate domain. The PFS may provide a useful tool to evaluate the effects of obesity treatments on feelings of being controlled by food in an obesogenic food environment.

Results suggest the EQ-5D and SF-6D do not yield consistent utility values in patients with asthma and COPD due to differences in underlying valuation techniques and the EQ-5D's limited response options relative to mild disease.

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Additionally, high epidemiologic risk status was associated with age at sexual debut, weak family function (living alone, having a loose bond with their biological father), loose connection in schools and to their neighborhoods (having difficulty getting along with teachers, and having fewer social interactions), and having more sexually active friends (who contracted sexually transmitted diseases, and frequently using condoms). ConClusions: The disparity noted between self-perceived and epidemiological risks for contracting HIV in our study underscore the need for effective HIV educational programs targeting young AA and their parents. The implication of ecosystemic processes at different levels within the risk statusparticularly family and school functioning, and parental social support indicate that ecodevelopmentally-based interventions may be valuable in preventing the risk of HIV transmission among AA adolescents.