As a developing economy Indonesia, should have a comprehensive integrated long-term development plan which may be used as the guideline in implementing its national economic development as well as an instrument for evaluating government accountability and credibility. The New Order regime had prepared its first and second long-term development plan for 1969-1993 and 1993-2018 successively. The twin plans, however, has led Indonesia to the 1997-1999 multi dimensions crises and is considered in appropriate in the existing new era of total reformation. It must be totally reconstructed. For this, public discussions on the need for the government to formulated the new grand strategy of national development have emerged, but up and down, in the last two years. As an active contribution to the public debase, this paper reviews previous, Indonesia development plans, others' countries experiences as well as grand theories of economic development. Then it is suggested that the agricultural based industrialization may be the most suitable one for Indonesia. The new grand strategy should be decided based on a national concensus in order to avoid the practice of just for political rhetoric's as was during the New Order regime.Key words: grand strategy, economic development,agriculture based industrialization. ABSTRAKBagi negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, rencana pembangunan jangka panjang komprehensif-integratif sangat diperlukan sebagai acuan pelaksanaan pembangunan dan sebagai salah satu instrumen akuntabilitas dan kredibilitas pemerintah. Pemerintahan Orde Baru telah menyusun Rancangan Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Tahap I dan II masing-masing untuk periode 1969-1993 dan 1993-2018. Rencana jangka panjang yang disusun rejim Orde Baru tersebut terbukti membawa Indonesia kedalam krisis tahun 1997-1999 dan sudah tidak sesuai dalam era Reformasi sehingga perlu dirancang ulang. Dalam dua tahun terakhir sesungguhnya telah muncul wacana publik yang menuntut agar pemerintah segera menyusun grand strategy (strategi besar) pembangunan nasional. Sebagai bagian dari wacanatersebut, tulisan ini mereview tentang konsepsi strategi pembangunan selama Orde Baru, pengalaman beberapa negara lain pemikiran teoritis tentang strategi pembangunan ekonomi. Berdasarkan hasil review tersebut, disarankan agar industrialisasi berbasis pertanian (agricultural based industrialization) dijadikan sebagai strategi besar (grand strategy) pembangunan nasional. Strategi tersebut haruslah dijadikan sebagai konsensus nasional, sehingga tidak sekedar retorika politik seperti pada masa Orde Baru.Kata Kunci : strategi besar, pembangunan ekonomi, industrialisasi berbasis pertanian. PENDAHULUANSaat ini sedang terjadi silang pendapat mengenai arah strategi besar (grand strategy) pembangunan nasional jangka panjang pasca krisis ekonomi. Berbeda dengan negara maju, bagi negara sedang berkembang seperti Indonesia rencana pembangunan yang komprehensif-integratif memang sangat diperlukan sebagai acuan pelaksanaan pembangunan sehingga upaya-upaya pembangunan dapa...
<strong>English</strong><br />Agribusiness regional development program carried out by the government does not empower farmers. This is due to limited community involvement in planning and implementation of the program. This paper is aimed at contributing policy recommendations on agribusiness regional development concepts in order to improve community involvement. One of the concepts is one village one product movement model. This model is initiated by the local community and facilitated by the government. Three principles of this model development are development of local specific commodity with international competitiveness, decisions and initiatives carried out by local community, and human resource development.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Program pengembangan wilayah agribisnis yang dilakukan pemerintah selama ini belum sepenuhnya dapat membuat petani lebih berdaya. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah masih terbatasnya pelibatan masyarakat dalam perencanaan maupun pelaksanaan program pengembangan. Tulisan ini dibuat untuk memberikan sumbang saran terhadap konsep pengembangan wilayah agribisnis yang lebih melibatkan masyarakat (petani) dalam pembangunan. Salah satu bentuk operasionalisasi konsep agribisnis yang dapat dikembangkan adalah model one village one product movement. Model ini merupakan kegiatan pengembangan wilayah yang aktivitasnya diinisiasi oleh penduduk lokal dan difasilitasi oleh pemerintah daerah. Tiga prinsip utama pengembangan model ini adalah (1) pengembangan komoditas unggulan daerah yang mampu bersaing di pasar internasional, (2) keputusan dan inisiatif dilakukan oleh penduduk lokal, dan (3) pengembangan sumberdaya manusia.
During the economic crisis national output has been contracted, in which actual national production capacity has been decreased because producers were lack of capital and aggregate demand was also decreasing. To speed up the national production recovery, the government needs to implement investment policy on leading national economic sector. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the source of growth of national output, and then identify the leading sector as a direction for investment. This study applied Input-Output analysis approach by using Input-Output Table published by Statistics Indonesia. The results of analysis showed that the source of growth of national output was on agricultural sector, but the problem is lack of the capability of agricultural sector 1n providing labor and limited income for farmers because land resources which are occupied by the farmers are also limited. To solve this problem, the development of agricultural sector should be integrated with the development of its complement sector. In other words, the development of agricultural sector should be put in the network of agribusiness system development so that agricultural sector is able to be a leading sector in our national economy. Key words source of growth, investment, agricultural sector, agribusiness system ABSTRAKSelama masa krisis ekonomi, output nasional mengalami kontraksi, dimana kapasitas aktual produksi nasional menurun karena produsen kekurangan modal, disamping permintaan agregat juga turun. Untuk mempercepat pemulihan kapasitas produksi nasional, maka pemerintah perlu menerapkan kebijakan investasi pada sektor andalan ekonomi nasional. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan identifikasi sumber pertumbuhan output nasional, untuk selanjutnya ditentukan sektor andalan sebagai arahan investasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis input-output dengan menggunakan Tabel Input-Output yang diterbitkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sumber pertumbuhan output nasional terletak pada sektor pertanian. Namun persoalannya adalah terbatasnya kemampuan sektor pertanian dalam penyediaan tenaga kerja dan pendapatan petani yang sangat terbatas karena sumberdaya lahan yang dikuasai petani juga terbatas. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, maka pengembangan sektor pertanian perlu diintegrasikan dengan pengembangan sektor komplemennya. Dengan kata lain, pengembangan sektor pertanian harus diletakkan dalam kerangka pengembangan sistem agribisnis, sehingga sektor pertanian mampu menJadi sektor andalan ekonomi nasional.
Sustainable agricultural development cannot be separated from the issue of soil erosion. This research shows that soil erosion is associated with sources of income of the households in the area, commodities being cultivated and demographic characteristics of the household. The higher the proportion of household income from agricultural activities, particularly dryland farming, the higher the erosion in the area. In general, this research suggests that an integrated and comprehensive policy on both commodity and natural resource management and agricultural and non-agriculturll,! sectors development is required to solve soil and water conservation problems.
Decreasing and decelerating production capacity of paddy have caused decreasing of estate capacity in food supply. This paper aims at describing production overview, problems and policy options to increase paddy production. Analysis methods uses in this study are cross tabulation and econometric model for projection. The results show that decreasing of paddy production growth rate was affected by: (a) decreasing of paddy's planted/harvested? area, especially in Java and (b) stagnation or decreasing of land productivity. Based on historical tendency, and when the revitalization program of national rice industry is not effective, projection result shows that rice production will have negative growth rate during the period of 2006-2010 and import will increase during the same period. Government policy to increase production capacity in rice industry should be oriented to shift from price policy to focus on increasing capacity of production, i.e., (a) rehabilitation and extensification in irrigation infrastructure, (b) expansion of new land for paddy, and (c) acceleration of technology innovation, including revitalization of research and development and dissemination of agriculture innovation system along with deregulation and creation of conducive environment for private investors.
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