Introduction:The objectives of this study were to compare the qualitative and quantitative profiles of herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) in implant surfaces between participants with periimplantitis (PI) and Healthy peri-implant tissues and to quantitatively assess the relation between HSV-1 and periopathogens inside the microbiological profile associated with PI. Materials and methods:A total of 40 patients with PI and 40 with healthy peri-implant tissues (HI) were recruited. Plaque samples from peri-implant sulcus and internal implant connections were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect and quantify HSV-1 and periodontopathogens. Frequencies of detection and levels of microorganisms were compared between PI and HI; the frequencies and levels of periodontopathogens were compared between HSV-1+ and HSV-1− PI to assess qualitative relations between HSV-1 and bacteria. Correlation between HSV-1 and periodontopathogens levels was assessed in PI and HI.Results: A total of 77 dental implants affected by PI, and 113 HIs were included. The HSV-1 prevalence was slightly higher in PI compared with controls (33.3 vs 23.8%; p > 0.05); HSV-1 was detected in external samples more frequently compared with internal samples. The HSV-1-positive patients revealed higher median loads of Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Campylobacter rectus (Cr) compared with HSV-1-negative patients. In the PI group, a significant positive correlation was evidenced between HSV-1 and Tannerella forsythia, Parvimonas micra (Pm), Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Cr levels, while in the HI, positive correlation between HSV-1 and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Pi, and Pm was established. Conclusion:The HSV-1 prevalence cannot be used to identify PI. The HSV-1 was found in similar levels of PI and HI patients after an average of 6 years of loaded implants. The HSV-1 prevalence cannot be used to identify implants with or without the presence of PI. HerpesClinical significance: Although HSV-1 is detected in PI site, HSV-1 may represent an unspecific indicator for the host response to the bacterial challenge observed in PI.

External cervical resorption (ECR) is the loss of dental hard tissue as a result of odontoclastic action; it usually begins on the cervical region of the root surface of the teeth. The etiology, predisposing factors, diagnosis, and management of ECR have been reviewed here. Effective management and appropriate treatment can only be carried out if the true nature and exact location of the ECR lesion are known. This paper reports on the management of a case of external cervical root resorption (ECRR), which involved root canal treatment and removal of the resorbing area of the affected tooth as well as filling the resorbed area with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and resin-modified glass ionomer filling material (RMGIC). The defect was filled with bone graft material and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane. This case highlights the importance of using MTA and successful management of cervical resorption with a stable uneventful clinical recovery.

Objectives:To compare and quantify the presence of periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aac) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in Down's syndrome (DS) and systemically healthy subjects with periodontitis and gingivitis.Materials and Methods:Fifty-nine age-matched subjects were categorized into four groups; Group I: DS subjects with gingivitis, Group II: DS subjects with periodontitis, Group III: Systemically healthy subjects with gingivitis and Group IV: Systemically healthy subjects with periodontitis. Plaque samples from all the four groups were collected and analyzed to evaluate the presence of Aac and Pg using real time polymerase chain reaction. The indices used were oral hygiene index simplified, community periodontal index for treatment needs and plaque index.Results:This study showed a statistically significant detection in the levels of both Aac (<0.001) and Pg (<0.001) in DS subjects with periodontitis when compared with the healthy controls with periodontitis; moreover, there was a statistically significant increase in Pg levels compared to Aac in DS gingivitis group.Conclusion:There was a statistically significant presence of Pg and Aac in both DS gingivitis and DS periodontitis over control groups with increased levels of Pg compared with Aac in DS gingivitis group.

No abstract

A 29-year-old female patient reported to the dental operatory with the chief complaint of pain in relation to the right lower back tooth region. The pain was sudden in onset and aggravated during mastication. The patient also gave a history of a metal allergy that presented as erythema on wearing artificial jewellery. Clinical examination in relation to teeth #46 and 47 revealed tenderness on percussion. Both teeth were endodontically treated one year prior to presentation and rehabilitated with Porcelain Fused Metal (PFM) crowns with no gingival recession [Table/ Fig-1,2]. Radiographic examination revealed recurrent caries beneath the crowns with mild root resorption and an associated periapical lesion in relation to tooth #46. There was also Grade III furcation involvement of tooth #47 [Table/ Fig-3] Adequate bone height and width were present as verified using CBCT [Table /Fig-4]. The poor prognosis of reendodontic treatment was explained and the patient wanted a more definitive treatment. The teeth were hence decided to be extracted and immediately replaced with one piece zirconia implants.