TThree methods study in this research simple, sensitive, an expensive and rapid Oxidative Coupling reaction, Cloud Point Extraction and Flow Injection spectrophotometric methods for determination Methyldopa and Salbutamol, the first method oxidative coupling reaction between the Methyldopa and thiosemicarbazide in presence of ferric nitrate anhydrous to yield dark green colored product that have absorbance at λ max 460 nm. Salbutamol coupling reaction with 4-nitrophenyl hydrazine in presence the potassium Iodide and sodium hydroxide to product the violet colored has absorbance at λ max 530 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed from (1-50) µg/ mL with sandall’s sensitivity (0.039,0.073), correlation coefficient (0.9998) and molar absorptivity (0.536×104,0.327×104) for Methyldopa and Salbutamol respectively. The secondly method to estimation the trace amount of phenolic drugs that product from the oxidative coupling reaction it is cloud point extraction, cloud point extraction enables the drugs to be precisely estimated under the optimal experimental conditions, the maximum absorption at λ max (470,535) nm respectively. The concentration was range (0.25-6) µg/mL, molar absorptivity 0.510×105 ,0.483×105 and enrichment factor (9.51,14.72) respectively for Methyldopa and Salbutamol.Flow injection analysis is simple method to determination the phenolic is based on the measurement of absorption signal for product resulting from oxidative coupling reaction , study all experimental parameters chemical and physical to development and stability the colored of product .Total flow injection of 1.5mL/min was pumped and active material was detect at λ max (460,530)nm respectively for Methyldopa and Salbutamol . In this the proposed methods were suxciffuly, applied to the determination Methyldopa and Salbutamol in pharmaceutical preparation.
New simple sensitive spectrophotometric methods are developed for the estimation of Sulfadoxine (SFD) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The first method includes a conversion primary amine to azo-dye by reacting sulfadoxine with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid followed by coupling with4-methoxyphenol in alkaline medium to obtain a stable reddish-orange colored dye at λmax495nm. Concentration ranges 0.25-60 μg / mL, obeyed Beer's law, correlation coefficient was 0.9996, molar absorptivity was 0.589×10 4 L.mol -1 .cm -1 and the detection limit was 0.157μg/mL. The second method was cloud point extraction (CPE) for estimating trace amount in an aqueous solution that produced from diazotization and measuring with a UV-visible spectrophotometer as are reddish-purple colored product at λmax500 nm. The concentration range obeyed the Beer's law was 0.25-6μg / mL, correlation coefficient was 0.9998, molar absorptivity was 0.877×10 5 L.mol -1 .cm -1 , detection limit was 0.023μg/mL, pre-concentration factor was 25 and Distribution coefficient(D) was 320.88. The last method was flow injection analysis it's simple for estimation the sulfadoxine. The concentration range was1-150μg / mL, obeyed Beer's law,the correlation coefficient was 0.9997, molar absorptivity was 0.273×10 4 L.mol -1 .cm -1 and the detection limit was 0.375μg/mL. The offered methods were successful, useful for estimating sulfadoxine in traditional medications
Simple and cost low, accurate and fast spectrophotometric methods were developed for cefotaxime determination. First method including change cefotaxime to a colored Fe (II) complex in the alkaline medium. Colored product with absorbance at λmax505 nm is reddish orange. Concentration ranged between (2-50 μg.mL-1), the Beer’s law obeyed with correlation coefficient 0.9995, molar absorptivity was 0.405×104 L.mol-1.cm-1, limit of detection 0.370μg mL-1 and limit of quantification as 1.123 μg mL-1. The second cloud point extraction method was used to estimate the trace quantity of the colored product in the first method, followed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer calculation. The calibration curve was the range of (2.5-30 μg.mL-1), the correlation coefficient and molar absorptivity were 0.9996 and 1.16×105L.mol-1.cm-1respictvely. The detection limit LOD and quantification limit LOQ were to be 0.026 and 0.079 μg.mL-1 respectively. This technique was effectively employed for cefotaxime detection within the pure and pharmaceutical preparations.
Three simple, sensitive, selective, accurate and efficient spectrophotometric methods for determining cefixime in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations have described. The first method involved conversion of NH 2 in cefixime to diazonium salt, which has coupled with Bisphenol A in an alkaline medium. The orange colored product showed λ max at 490 nm and followed Beer's law over a concentration range of 1-50 μg mL -1 , with molar absorptivity of 0.866×10 4 L.mol -1 .cm -1 and the detection limit was 0.157 µg.mL -1 . The second method involved pre-concentration of a trace amount of cefixime-azo dyes using cloud point extraction (CPE). The extracted drugdye was spectrophotometrically measured at λ max 500. The constructed calibration curve to determine cefixime followed Beer's law in a range of 0.25-6 µg.mL -1 , with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998, molar absorptivity of 0.961×10 5 L.mol -1 .cm -1 and the detection limit was equal to 0.031 µg.mL -1 . The pre-concentration factor was 25 and distribution coefficient (D) was 314.03. A diazotization of the studied drug (cefixime) and its coupling with Bisphenol A was studied using a developed flow injection analysis method, based on the detection of the absorption of the diazotization product. Chemical and physical properties [of what??] were studied to develop the suggested method and to determine the stability of the colored of product. A flow rate of 2.5mL.min -1 , 50cm reaction coil and 100µL sample volume were used to operate the system and the orange colored product was detected at 490nm. The proposed three methods were successfully applied to determine cefixime in pharmaceutical formulation, where results were satisfactory
Simple sensitive methods to estimate the metformin hydrochloride. It works to reduce blood glucose level in NIDDM patients. Metformin is a biguanide anti hyperglycemic agent. It works by decreasing glucose production by the liver and increasing the insulin sensitivity of body tissues. Literature survey reveals analytical methods such as UV Spectrophotometry, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, GC-MS , flow injection fluorescence and flow injection MS/MS, have been reported for estimation of the metformin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids.
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