The observation of B. tropicalis and D. pteronyssinus as the most frequently found mites is consistent with previous reports from tropical regions. The higher frequency of G. fusca in beds of individuals from the poor group than those from the wealthy group could be a consequence of different bed cleaning behaviors between the two groups.
ResumoVários estudos têm sugerido a possibilidade de transmissão de endoparasitos ao homem através de ingestão de frutas, verduras e hortaliças consumidas cruas, provenientes de áreas cultivadas e contaminadas por dejetos fecais. Com o objetivo de verificar a frequência de formas parasitárias em hortaliças, foram analisadas 30 amostras de alface crespa (Lactuca sativa) e 30 de agrião (Nasturdium officinale) provenientes de supermercados e feiras livres no município de Salvador (Bahia). As amostras foram pesadas e divididas em partes iguais, sendo uma parte lavada em água destilada e a outra em solução de hipoclorito de sódio. O conteúdo da lavagem foi deixado sedimentar por 24h e, em seguida, analisado. Das amostras examinadas, 95% estavam contaminadas, sendo 100% provenientes de feiras livres e 90% de supermercados. Os parasitos encontrados foram: cistos de Entamoeba sp, Endolimax sp, Giardia sp, oocistos não esporulados, ovos de ancilostomídeos, larvas de nematódeos, ovos de Ascaris, ácaros e Trichuris sp. Com os resultados obtidos evidencia-se a importância das hortaliças na transmissão de enteroparasitos bem como uma boa higienização das mesmas para o consumo "in natura". Concluímos que essas duas variedades de hortaliças comercializadas nos dois estabelecimentos apresentaram índices de contaminação consideráveis, indicando que os procedimentos de cultivo e manuseio devem ser revistos.Palavras chave: Hortaliças -Contaminação -Enteroparasitos.
Prevalência e fatores de risco da infecção humana por
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Larva migrans visceral is caused by Toxocara sp and has never been studied in Bahia. This work investigated the prevalence and risk factors for infection by Toxocara canis in individuals from Salvador, State of Bahia. Methods: Three hundred and thirty-eight individuals were investigated for the presence of serum IgG anti-T. canis. Results: IgG anti-T. canis was higher in individuals from lower social classes who had more contact with dogs and cats, indicating that these variables are factors risk for this infection. Conclusions: The prevalence of T. canis infection was high. The risk factors for this infection identified are in agreement with in the literature.
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #231f20; font-size: x-small;"><p align="left">Foi avaliada a contaminação das praias da orla da parte alta da cidade de Salvador-BA (Barra até Itapoã) em 786 amostras de areia e 266 amostras de fezes caninas, no inverno de 2004 e verão de 2005, com o objetivo de verificar a presença de parasitos caninos de importância zoonótica, responsáveis pelas síndromes da larva migrans visceral e cutânea (LMV e LMC). No laboratório, as amostras foram submetidas às técnicas: centrifugoflutuação, Baermann, sedimentação espontânea e Willis. As amostras de areia apresentaram 29,24% de positividade e as fezes 54,51%. As praias com maior contaminação foram: Rio Vermelho, Piatã, Boca do Rio e Itapoã (34 a 37%) no inverno e Boca do Rio e Itapoã (39%) no verão.Comparando a contaminação desses dois períodos, não houve diferença estatística significante. Os parasitos encontrados foram: Ancylostoma sp, Toxocara sp. Toxascaris, Taeniidae, Trichuris e Ascaris, em ordem decrescente de prevalência. Concluímos que as praias da cidade de Salvador apresentaram índices constantes de contaminação, o que constitui um problema de saúde pública relevante, devido à possibilidade de transmissão de zoonoses.</p></span></span></span>
Allergy is considered to be caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Socioeconomic status (SES) may be the most important environmental determinant of allergy because it determines the living environment, but few studies have addressed the causal role of SES in allergy. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis symptoms in two SES groups in a Brazilian city. History of asthma and rhinitis symptoms was collected using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. SES was determined by the Gallup method. Sera from subgroups of the individuals were used to determine total, anti-Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and anti-Blomia tropicalis IgE. The prevalence of asthma and rhinitis symptoms was higher in the A and B (A&B) SES group than in the C, D, and E (C, D&E) SES group. Individuals with asthma and/or rhinitis were more frequently positive for anti-B. tropicalis and anti-D. pteronyssinus IgE than individuals without these symptoms. A positive association between total IgE levels and asthma and rhinitis symptoms was observed in the A&B SES group but not in the C, D&E SES group. Women reported more respiratory symptoms than men. These results revealed higher prevalence rates ofasthma and rhinitis symptoms in individuals with higher SES and may provide support for the hygiene hypothesis, which attributes the high prevalence of respiratory allergies observed in individuals from developed countries to a low exposure to pathogens. The observed higher prevalence of asthma and rhinitis symptoms in women than in men could be attributed to differences in the perception of these symptoms or in exposures to allergens and protective pathogens.
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