Prevalência e fatores de risco da infecção humana por ABSTRACTIntroduction: Larva migrans visceral is caused by Toxocara sp and has never been studied in Bahia. This work investigated the prevalence and risk factors for infection by Toxocara canis in individuals from Salvador, State of Bahia. Methods: Three hundred and thirty-eight individuals were investigated for the presence of serum IgG anti-T. canis. Results: IgG anti-T. canis was higher in individuals from lower social classes who had more contact with dogs and cats, indicating that these variables are factors risk for this infection. Conclusions: The prevalence of T. canis infection was high. The risk factors for this infection identified are in agreement with in the literature.

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SUMMARYVegetable production in conservation tillage has increased in Brazil, with positive effects on the soil quality. Since management systems alter the quantity and quality of organic matter, this study evaluated the influence of different management systems and cover crops on the organic matter dynamics of a dystrophic Red Latosol under vegetables. The treatments consisted of the combination of three soil tillage systems: no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) and of two cover crops: maize monoculture and maizemucuna intercrop. Vegetables were grown in the winter and the cover crops in the summer for straw production. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Soil samples were collected between the crop rows in three layers (0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.30 m) twice: in October, before planting cover crops for straw, and in July, during vegetable cultivation. The total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), oxidizable fractions, and the carbon fractions fulvic acid (C FA ), humic acid (C HA ) and humin (C HUM ) were determined. The main changes in these properties occurred in the upper layers (0.0-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m) where, in general, TOC levels were highest in NT with maize straw. The MBC levels were lowest in CT systems, indicating sensitivity to soil disturbance. Under mucuna, the levels of C HA were lower in RT than NT systems, while the C FA levels were lower in RT than CT. For vegetable production, the C HUM values were lowest in the 0.05-0.10 m layer under CT. With regard to the oxidizable fractions, the tillage systems differed only in the most labile C fractions, with higher levels in NT than CT in the 0.0-0.05 m layer in both summer and winter, with A produção de hortaliças em sistemas conservacionistas tem crescido no Brasil com reflexos positivos na qualidade do solo. Considerando que os sistemas de manejo alteram a quantidade e a qualidade da matéria orgânica, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes sistemas de manejo e cobertura vegetal na dinâmica da matéria orgânica de um Latosssolo Vermelho distrófico, cultivado com hortaliças. Os tratamentos avaliados consistiram na combinação de três sistemas de manejo de solo: plantio direto (PD); plantio com preparo reduzido (PPR); e preparo convencional (PC), e duas coberturas vegetais: milho e consórcio milho e mucuna. No inverno, foram cultivadas hortaliças; e no verão, cobertura vegetal para palhada. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. As amostras de solo foram coletadas na entrelinha de cultivo da hortaliça em três profundidades (0,0-0,05; 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,30 m), em duas épocas de amostragem: em outubro, antes do plantio das culturas para formação de palhada; e em julho, durante o cultivo da hortaliça. Foram determinados o carbono orgânico total (COT), o carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), das frações oxidáveis, e o carbono das frações ácido fúlvico (C AF ), ácido húmico (C AH ) e hum...

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sistema de plantio direto (PD) sobre diferentes quantidades de palhada, na eficiência de uso da água e na produção de repolho. Foram utilizadas quatro quantidades de palhada de milho sobre um Latossolo Vermelho de textura argilosa (0,0, 4,5, 9,0, 13,5 Mg ha -1 de matéria seca), com o sistema de plantio convencional (PC) como controle. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. O estande de plantas, a produtividade, a massa de matéria fresca, o diâmetro, a altura e a compacidade de cabeças de repolho não foram afetados significativamente pelos tratamentos. Houve uma redução de até 13% na lâmina líquida de água aplicada durante o ciclo do repolho cultivado em sistema de PD com palhada, quando comparada à utilizada em tratamentos sem palhada. Durante os primeiros 30 dias após o transplante de mudas, a economia de água chegou a 28%. O índice de produtividade da água em sistema de PD apresentou incremento linear com o aumento da quantidade de palhada utilizada, e foi até 21% maior que no sistema de PC.Termos para indexação: Brassica oleracea, economia de água, irrigação, cultivo mínimo, plantio convencional. Water use efficiency and cabbage production under no-tillage using different rates of crop residuesAbstract -The objective of this work was to assess the effect of no-tillage production system (PD) using different rates of crop residues on cabbage water use efficiency and yield. Four rates of corn crop residues (0.0, 4.5, 9.0, 13.5 Mg ha -1 of dry matter) were tested in a clayed Latossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Haplustox), using the conventional tillage system (PC) as control. A completely randomized block design, with three replications was used. Cabbage stand, yield, fresh matter mass, diameter, height, and head compactness were not significantly affected by treatments. The total water depth applied along the entire crop cycle in PD treatments was up to 13% smaller than the treatments without residues. Water savings during the 30 days following transplanting reached 28%. The water productivity index increased linearly with crop residue rates under PD conditions, and was up to 21% higher than in the PC treatment.

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Purpose: Understanding the dynamics of mycorrhizal fungi in the Cerrado is fundamental for the adoption of conservation practices and for understanding the resilience of this biome in relation to long periods of drought. Thus, this work aimed to verify the dynamics of the mycorrhizal population in five phytophysiognomies of the Cerrado biome. Methods: The samples were taken from the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, a permanent preservation with native Cerrado vegetation without any anthropic influence. The five main phytophysiognomies of the Cerrado biome were chosen: the Campo Limpo, Campo Sujo, Cerrado Strictu Sensu, Cerradão, and Veredas. Rhizospherical soil samples were collected in both the wet and dry seasons. Spore density, mycorrhizal colonization rate, easily extractable glomalin, and associated mycorrhizal fungi genera were identified. Results: The values of spore density, mycorrhizal colonization rate, and glomalin were higher in the samples performed during the dry season compared to the samples performed in the rainy season. The same behavior was observed when comparing the different phytophysionomies. Conclusion: Mycorrhizal activity is higher in dry periods when compared to rainy periods. There is no specificity of genera of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi within the Cerrado phytophysiognomies.

This study aimed to evaluate the density of spores and mycorrhizal colonization in roots of sugarcane varieties (RB86-7515, CTC-4 and CTC-15), under planting systems, being the planting of stem portions and pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) along with 3 sources of nitrogen: granular fertilizer, leaf application and inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense). The experiment was deployed on the experimental campus of the Evangelical School of Goianésia, and was collected soil samples for spore count after the first cut. The experimental design was arranged in factorial 3x2x3 in randomized blocks with subdivided plots using 4 repetitions per treatment, where factor 1 was represented by varieties, factor 2 by planting systems and factor 3 by nitrogen sources. The planting of PSS associated with foliar fertilization and A. brasiliense presented better colonization that in PSS with granular fertilizer and stem portions with leaf fertilizer and via inoculant. The granular fertilizer showed increased amounts of spores over the foliar fertilization and inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense, the planting system of stem portions presented greater quantity of spores over the planting of PSS, it is worth mentioning that approximate results of spore density, mycorrhizal colonization and productivity without adding granular fertilizer are satisfactory for reducing the use of fertilizers.