Prevalência e fatores de risco da infecção humana por ABSTRACTIntroduction: Larva migrans visceral is caused by Toxocara sp and has never been studied in Bahia. This work investigated the prevalence and risk factors for infection by Toxocara canis in individuals from Salvador, State of Bahia. Methods: Three hundred and thirty-eight individuals were investigated for the presence of serum IgG anti-T. canis. Results: IgG anti-T. canis was higher in individuals from lower social classes who had more contact with dogs and cats, indicating that these variables are factors risk for this infection. Conclusions: The prevalence of T. canis infection was high. The risk factors for this infection identified are in agreement with in the literature.
SUMMARYVegetable production in conservation tillage has increased in Brazil, with positive effects on the soil quality. Since management systems alter the quantity and quality of organic matter, this study evaluated the influence of different management systems and cover crops on the organic matter dynamics of a dystrophic Red Latosol under vegetables. The treatments consisted of the combination of three soil tillage systems: no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) and of two cover crops: maize monoculture and maizemucuna intercrop. Vegetables were grown in the winter and the cover crops in the summer for straw production. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Soil samples were collected between the crop rows in three layers (0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.30 m) twice: in October, before planting cover crops for straw, and in July, during vegetable cultivation. The total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), oxidizable fractions, and the carbon fractions fulvic acid (C FA ), humic acid (C HA ) and humin (C HUM ) were determined. The main changes in these properties occurred in the upper layers (0.0-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m) where, in general, TOC levels were highest in NT with maize straw. The MBC levels were lowest in CT systems, indicating sensitivity to soil disturbance. Under mucuna, the levels of C HA were lower in RT than NT systems, while the C FA levels were lower in RT than CT. For vegetable production, the C HUM values were lowest in the 0.05-0.10 m layer under CT. With regard to the oxidizable fractions, the tillage systems differed only in the most labile C fractions, with higher levels in NT than CT in the 0.0-0.05 m layer in both summer and winter, with A produção de hortaliças em sistemas conservacionistas tem crescido no Brasil com reflexos positivos na qualidade do solo. Considerando que os sistemas de manejo alteram a quantidade e a qualidade da matéria orgânica, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes sistemas de manejo e cobertura vegetal na dinâmica da matéria orgânica de um Latosssolo Vermelho distrófico, cultivado com hortaliças. Os tratamentos avaliados consistiram na combinação de três sistemas de manejo de solo: plantio direto (PD); plantio com preparo reduzido (PPR); e preparo convencional (PC), e duas coberturas vegetais: milho e consórcio milho e mucuna. No inverno, foram cultivadas hortaliças; e no verão, cobertura vegetal para palhada. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. As amostras de solo foram coletadas na entrelinha de cultivo da hortaliça em três profundidades (0,0-0,05; 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,30 m), em duas épocas de amostragem: em outubro, antes do plantio das culturas para formação de palhada; e em julho, durante o cultivo da hortaliça. Foram determinados o carbono orgânico total (COT), o carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), das frações oxidáveis, e o carbono das frações ácido fúlvico (C AF ), ácido húmico (C AH ) e hum...
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sistema de plantio direto (PD) sobre diferentes quantidades de palhada, na eficiência de uso da água e na produção de repolho. Foram utilizadas quatro quantidades de palhada de milho sobre um Latossolo Vermelho de textura argilosa (0,0, 4,5, 9,0, 13,5 Mg ha -1 de matéria seca), com o sistema de plantio convencional (PC) como controle. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. O estande de plantas, a produtividade, a massa de matéria fresca, o diâmetro, a altura e a compacidade de cabeças de repolho não foram afetados significativamente pelos tratamentos. Houve uma redução de até 13% na lâmina líquida de água aplicada durante o ciclo do repolho cultivado em sistema de PD com palhada, quando comparada à utilizada em tratamentos sem palhada. Durante os primeiros 30 dias após o transplante de mudas, a economia de água chegou a 28%. O índice de produtividade da água em sistema de PD apresentou incremento linear com o aumento da quantidade de palhada utilizada, e foi até 21% maior que no sistema de PC.Termos para indexação: Brassica oleracea, economia de água, irrigação, cultivo mínimo, plantio convencional. Water use efficiency and cabbage production under no-tillage using different rates of crop residuesAbstract -The objective of this work was to assess the effect of no-tillage production system (PD) using different rates of crop residues on cabbage water use efficiency and yield. Four rates of corn crop residues (0.0, 4.5, 9.0, 13.5 Mg ha -1 of dry matter) were tested in a clayed Latossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Haplustox), using the conventional tillage system (PC) as control. A completely randomized block design, with three replications was used. Cabbage stand, yield, fresh matter mass, diameter, height, and head compactness were not significantly affected by treatments. The total water depth applied along the entire crop cycle in PD treatments was up to 13% smaller than the treatments without residues. Water savings during the 30 days following transplanting reached 28%. The water productivity index increased linearly with crop residue rates under PD conditions, and was up to 21% higher than in the PC treatment.
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