The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether variations in tree community structure and soil properties were interrelated in a fragment of semideciduous forest in Martinho Campos, south-eastern Brazil. The forest was sampled by ten plots, each of which was made up of four contiguous 15×15m quadrats (total 0.9ha). Plots were randomly distributed in the fragment with the help of grid-line coordinates. Soil samples were collected from each quadrat for chemical and textural analyses, and the soil of each quadrat was classified in conformity with the US Soil Taxonomy System. All trees with diameter at the base of the stem ≥5cm were identified and measured (circumference and height). Three soil groups were recognized: Ustifluvent, Ustropept, and Dystropept. A principal component analysis independently discriminated the soil groups in terms of their chemical and textural properties, indicating the consistency of the soil classification. Significant differences among the soil groups were also found for most soil properties. Tree community physiognomy was significantly different in Ustropept soil habitat, where trees showed more pronounced slenderness. A detrended correspondence analysis indicated that tree community structure also responded to the three soil habitats. A canonical correspondence analysis, together with Spearman's rank correlations, demonstrated that species' abundance distributions were significantly correlated with the soil properties. Differences in soil nutrient content (particularly Ca2+ and K+) and in ground water regime are apparently the leading factors determining tree species distributions within the fragment.
-(Structural variations of the arboreal component of a tropical upper montane semideciduous forest in the Perdizes Plateau, Carrancas, SE Brazil). The tree community of an area of upper montane forest situated in the Perdizes Plateau, SE Brazil (21º36'S and 44º37'W), was surveyed with the purpose of assessing the correlations between their structural variations and environmental variables related to the substratum and edge effect. Variations were analyzed for physiognomic structure (tree density, basal area and size distribution) and community structure (species composition, distribution and diversity). Individual trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥ 5 cm were surveyed within 30 plots of 20 × 20 m where topographic data and samples of surface soil were also collected, the latter for chemical and textural analyses. The survey totaled 2,565 individual trees, 218 species, 116 genera and 55 families, on three soil classes: Litholic Neosols, Humic Cambisols, and Regolithic Neosols. The studied tree community corresponds to the floristic and physiognomic features of the upper montane forests of southeastern Brazil, differing from those of lower altitudes in the same region. Variations in species diversity and composition and in physiognomic structure showed correlations with environmental variables, making up two distinct vegetation formations: (a) a less diverse and taller tree community in the well-drained areas of the forest interior, corresponding to the Humic Cambisols and Regolithic Neosols; and (b) a more diverse and shorter tree community in the strongly drained and sloping areas of the forest edge which correspond to the Litholic Neosols. The presumably more heterogeneous environment of the forest edge is probably responsible for its higher species diversity.Key words -edge-effect, species diversity, species-environment relationship, tree community, tropical montane semideciduous forest RESUMO -(Variações estruturais do compartimento arbóreo de uma floresta semidecídua alto-montana na chapada das Perdizes, Carrancas, MG). Realizou-se o levantamento da comunidade arbórea de uma floresta semidecídua alto-montana situada na chapada das Perdizes, Carrancas, sul de Minas Gerais (21º36'S e 44º37'W), com o propósito de avaliar as correlações entre variações estruturais e variáveis ambientais relacionadas ao substrato e ao efeito borda. Foram analisados aspectos da estrutura fisionômica (densidade, área basal, e distribuição de tamanhos das árvores) e comunitária (composição, distribuição e diversidade de espécies). Foram alocadas 30 parcelas de 20 × 20 m para amostragem dos indivíduos arbóreos com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) ≥ 5 cm, onde também foram coletados dados topográficos e amostras de solo superficial para análises químicas e texturais. Foram registrados 2.565 indivíduos, 217 espécies, 116 gêneros e 55 famílias, em três subgrupos de solos: Neossolos Litólicos, Cambissolos Húmicos e Neossolos Regolíticos. A comunidade arbórea estudada corresponde ao perfil florístico e fisionômico das fl...
Despite the ubiquity of domestic dogs, their role as zoonotic reservoirs and the large number of studies concerning parasites in urban dogs, rural areas in Brazil, especially those at the wildlife-domestic animal-human interface, have received little attention from scientists and public health managers. This paper reports a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal parasites of rural dogs living in farms around Atlantic Forest fragments. Through standard parasitological methods (flotation and sedimentation), 13 parasite taxa (11 helminths and two protozoans) were found in feces samples from dogs. The most prevalent were the nematode Ancylostoma (47%) followed by Toxocara (18%) and Trichuris (8%). Other less prevalent (<2%) parasites found were Capillaria, Ascaridia, Spirocerca, Taeniidae, Acantocephala, Ascaris, Dipylidium caninum, Toxascaris, and the protozoans Cystoisospora and Eimeria. Mixed infections were found in 36% of samples, mostly by Ancylostoma and Toxocara. Previous deworming had no association with infections, meaning that this preventive measure is being incorrectly performed by owners. Regarding risk factors, dogs younger than one year were more likely to be infected with Toxocara, and purebred dogs with Trichuris. The number of cats in the households was positively associated with Trichuris infection, while male dogs and low body scores were associated with mixed infections. The lack of associations with dog free-ranging behavior and access to forest or villages indicates that infections are mostly acquired around the households. The results highlight the risk of zoonotic and wildlife parasite infections from dogs and the need for monitoring and controlling parasites of domestic animals in human-wildlife interface areas.Keywords: Canis familiaris, endoparasites, human-wildlife interface, zoonosis, protected areas.Fatores de risco para infecções parasitárias gastrointestinais em cães do entorno de áreas protegidas da Mata Atlântica: implicações para a saúde humana e da vida selvagem ResumoApesar da ubiquidade dos cães domésticos, de seu papel como reservatório de doenças, e do grande número de estudos sobre parasitas de cães urbanos, as áreas rurais no Brasil, especialmente aquelas na interface entre animais silvestres -animais domésticos -humanos, tem recebido pouca atenção de cientistas e gestores de saúde pública. Este artigo relata um estudo epidemiológico seccional de parasitas gastrointestinais de cães rurais em propriedades no entorno de fragmentos de Mata Atlântica. Através de métodos parasitológicos como flutuação e sedimentação, 13 táxons de parasitas (11 helmintos e dois protozoários) foram encontrados em amostras de fezes dos cães. O mais prevalente foi o nematóide Ancylostoma (47%), seguido por Toxocara (18%) e Trichuris (8%). Outros parasitas menos prevalentesBraz.
Pedology consists of a sub-area of Soil Science that studies the soil and its origin as well as its inter-relationship with the landscape. Hydrology is the science that studies the water in nature in its different mediums (atmosphere, soil and rock), using the watershed as a reference for analysis of the water dynamics and also its interaction with the landscape. The relationship between these two branches of knowledge has been the object of debate and analysis in recent years, contributing to the creation of a multidisciplinary science, which seeks to integrate the respective fields of research. As such, for Hydrology, Pedology has been fundamental for enabling a foundation for the processes associated to the generation of runoff and groundwater recharge, especially concerning the micro-morphological analysis of the soil and the horizons which may impede the water flow, and their relationships with the soil structure. For Pedology, Hydrology can be fundamental to the understanding of the soil formation processes in the different landscapes, in the context of materials deposition as well as the shaping of the relief, as consequence of the soil-climatedrainage interaction, and its importance for pedogenesis. Therefore, the understanding and the deepening of the pedologic analyses, on a microscale and in toposequence in a specific landscape, and its insertion in the theories of Hydrology will allow the development of more realistic, physically based hydrological models and less parameterization dependence, this now being one of the most important challenges for the hydrologist.Index terms: Hydrology, pedology, soil hydrology, geomorfology. RESUMOA Pedologia consiste de uma subárea da Ciência do Solo que estuda o solo e sua origem bem como sua relação com a paisagem. A Hidrologia é a ciência que estuda a água na natureza nos seus diferentes meios (atmosfera, solo e rocha), utilizando a bacia hidrográfica como referência para análise da dinâmica da água e sua interação com a paisagem. A relação entre esses dois ramos do conhecimento tem sido objeto de debate e análise nos anos recentes, contribuindo para a criação de uma ciência multidisciplinar, a qual busca interagir os respectivos campos de pesquisa. Assim, para a Hidrologia, a Pedologia tem sido fundamental por possibilitar um embasamento sobre os processos associados à geração do escoamento e recarga subterrânea, especialmente no tocante à análise micromorfológica do solo e aos horizontes ou camadas subsuperficiais de impedimento ao fluxo de água e suas relações com a estrutura do solo. Para a Pedologia, a Hidrologia pode ser fundamental no entendimento dos processos de formação dos solos, nas diferentes paisagens, tanto no contexto de deposição de material quanto da conformação do relevo, fruto da interação solo-climaescoamento, e sua importância para a pedogênese. Assim, o entendimento e o aprofundamento das análises pedológicas, em microescala e em topossequência, numa determinada paisagem, e sua inserção nos fundamentos e teorias da Hidrologia permi...
Ocorrência de Amblyomma longirostre (Koch, 1844) em Chaetomys subspinosus (Olfers, 1818) oriundos da Mata Atlântica [Occurrence of Amblyomma longirostre (Koch, 1844) in Chaetomys subspinosus (Olfers, 1818) (Faria e Giné, 2005). A área de vida é reduzida, a dieta baseia-se em folhas, e a espécie pode ser considerada como arborícola e de hábitos predominantemente florestais (Oliveira, 2006). Eventos de deslocamento terrestre são raros e praticamente só chegam até ao chão para defecação (Chiarello et al., 1997; Oliveira, 2006). De maneira geral, os sítios de repouso diurnos ocupados pelo ouriço-preto apresentam emaranhados de cipós e trepadeiras, e o animal é bastante seletivo quanto às características estruturais do seu local de descanso (Barata et al., 2005; Oliveira, 2006 (Fig. 1a e 1b) (Aragão, 1936). Dentro dessa família, existem registros para as espécies Coendou prehensilis (Labruna et al., 2002; Labruna et al., 2004), Coendou villosus (=Sphiggurus villosus) (Brum et al., 2003) e C. subspinosus (Almeida et al., 2006). Também existem relatos de parasitismo por adultos de A. longirostre em Tamandua tetradacyla (Martins et al., 2004), e em Cebus sp. (Aragão, 1936). No Brasil, há registros de espécimes adultos de A. longirostre em São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio de Janeiro e Bahia. (Labruna et al., 2002; Brum et al., 2003; Labruna et al., 2004; Martins et al., 2004; Storni et al., 2005; Almeida et al., 2006
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