Background: Curcumin is an active constituent of Curcuma longa, which belongs to Zingiberaceae family. It is derived from the Rhizome of a perennial plant having molecular formula C21H20O6 and chemically it is (1, 7- bis (4- hydroxy - 3 methoxyphenyl) -1, 6 - heptadine - 3, 5 - diene), also known as diferuloylmethane. Curcumin has been extensively used as a herbal constituent for curing several diseases and is scientifically proven to show major effects as an anti-inflammatory agent. Objective: Inflammation is an important factor for numerous diseases including diabetes neuropathy, cancer, asthma, arthritis, and other diseases. Prophylaxis of inflammatory diseases through synthetic medications tends to have major toxicity and side effects on a large number of population. The foremost aim of this review paper is to assess the natural anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin, source, and mechanism of action, potential therapeutic effect and models associated. Additionally, this paper aims to scrutinize inflammation, sources of reactive oxygen species, and pathways of reactive oxygen species generation and potential side effects of curcumin. Methods: Selection of data has been done by studying the combination of research and review papers from different databases like PubMed, Medline and Web of science from the year 1985- 2018 by using search keywords like “curcumin”, “anti-inflammatory”, “ROS”, “Curcuma longa”, “medicinal uses of curcumin”, “assessing parameters”, “inflammation”, “anti-oxidant” Results: On the basis of our interpretation, we have concluded that curcumin has potential therapeutic effects in different inflammatory diseases, it inhibits the inflammatory mediators, oxidation processes, and oxidative stress and has no severe toxicity on animals and humans. Conclusion: Oxidative stress is a major cause of inflammation and curcumin has a good potential for blocking it. Curcumin is also easily accessible herbal source and should be consumed in the form of food, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agents and further observation should be done on its therapeutic parameters, risk factors, and toxicity studies and oral viability.

Phytopharmaceuticals have always reported vital roles in the field of medicine hence the need to investigate safe and efficient drugs for treating metabolic disorders is very significant. Roots of Selinum vaginatum have therapeutic benefits and are widely used by the people of the Rohtang region for treating diabetes and its associated complications. The present study focusses on the isolation of the bioactive from the S. vaginatum roots for estimating acute toxicity studies, anti-diabetic and diabetic neuropathy protective action along with the mechanism of action in STZ induced Wistar rats. The Selinum vaginatum roots were collected from the Rohtang region, Himalayas. Chlorogenic acid was isolated and underwent identification by UV, HPLC, 1 H NMR, C13 NMR, Mass, and FTIR spectroscopy methods. Chlorogenic acid was dosed at 10 and 20 mg/kg to observe the effects on experimentally induced diabetes and with time generated diabetic neuropathic complications. Biomarkers TNF-α, superoxide dismutase, nitrosative stress, lipid peroxide profile, and membrane-bound inorganic phosphate were analyzed. Histopathological evaluation of the liver and sciatic nerve was performed for all groups. Parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight, food intake, Thermal Hyperalgesia, Writhing, Cold Hyperalgesia Responses, Mechanical hyperalgesia, Grip Strength, Spontaneous Locomotor (Exploratory) Test, Neuromuscular Coordination tests, and lipid profile analysis showcased the anti-diabetic and diabetic neuropathy protective action of the drug. Inflammation, degradation, and necrosis were found to be reduced in the liver and sciatic nerve cells of treated groups. All the biomarkers used to analyze the oxidative pathway were significantly replenished indicates that chlorogenic acid produces these effects through this pathway.

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Nebivolol is a third generation beta-blocker that possesses the highest selectivity for beta-1 receptors than beta-2 receptors than any other beta blocker in its class. Long-term therapy of nebivolol, in clinical trials, has been found to be very effective in increasing the left ventricular ejection fraction, reducing all-cause mortality, and reducing the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class of heart failure. The novelty of nebivolol exists in its unique nitric oxide potentiating effects in the myocardial and endothelial cells by the activation of beta-3 adrenergic receptors by which it produces most of its actions. It produces many useful effects and helps to abate the disease progression and prolongs the survival. In many clinical studies, it has been found to be safe and well tolerated. A literature search was made on PubMed database with the keywords: "Heart failure" , "Nebivolol" , and "beta-blocker" . A total of 176 articles were found and were the combination of review articles and research articles. A further selection of articles was made by the exclusion of non-relevant articles to achieve the objective of this review. It is approved for the treatment of hypertension in the United States and is under review by the federal agency, United States Food and Drugs Administration for the treatment of heart failure. This article sole intention is to review all the clinically important aspects of nebivolol on the basis of which nebivolol can be definitely considered for its inclusion in the drug therapy list for heart failure which will ease the individualization of drug therapy. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Introduction and Ethnopharmacological relevance: In the Indian Vedic literature, Charakasamhita and Sushritasamhita, the Ajwain is known as Bhootika and in the charaksamhita commentaries, it is termed as Yavanika. The medicinal role of Ajwain fruit is claimed to be very important in the treatment of many ailments in humans. The plant Trachyspermum ammi Linn. is a grassy, aromatic annual plant, which falls in the family Umbelliferae. This plant is grown in India, Iran, Pakistan, Egypt, etc. for its medicinal benefits. Tribals of India use it for the treatment of diarrhea, arthritis, colic and gastrointestinal problems. In the traditional preparations, Indian Vaidya guru’s (Ayurveda Guru’s), the ajwain extract is used as “Admoda Arka”. The Ayurveda doctors, hakims and Vaidya gurus recommend ajwain for treating headaches, cold, flu and even during painful menstrual periods. Aim of the Study: The review paper has compiled the researches conducted on Trachyspermum ammi, which will help in presenting a collective data of the authentic researches conducted on the plant worldwide. It will also present information about the phytoconstituents which can be useful for building up new researches in near future. Materials and Methods: This paper has been prepared by collecting all the information available on the following platforms and the papers were searched from 1975 to 2019. The databases and electronic journals were well searched including Wiley, Springer link, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed. The key terms used for the search were Ajwain, C. copticum, Trachyspermum ammi and other synonyms of the plant. The search was also done by the names of chemical constituents present in the plant and the pharmacological effect of the plant. Results: The multiple uses of T. ammi are due to the active constituents present in it. As per the phytochemical studies on the fruits of T. ammi, the presence of various phytoconstituents has been found such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, fixed oils, thymenes, cumenes, tannins, amino acids, p-cymene, c-terpinene, steroids, etc. Conclusions: This paper is focused on presenting a detailed review on the literature, pharmacological properties, physicochemical studies and the newest researches on the plant. In this paper, we have also compiled the traditional uses of the herb used by Indian peopleon recommendations from their Hakims, Vaidya and use of the herbs by many tribes all across India and Pakistan.

Introduction: Nowadays the researchers have been attempting to use herbal products as medicines which have proven in many aspects to cause lesser side effects. The fruit part of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) - Ajwain has been an integral part of the Indian medicine system with much importance in Ayurveda and Unani medicine system and is prescribed by Vaidya gurus and Hakim’s in raw form or as a major constituent in the powdered formulations. Objective: : This research aimed to evaluate acute and sub-acute toxicity of standardized T. ammi fruit and its anti-inflammatory property using experimental models. Methods: The extract of herbs was spectroscopically analyzed for the estimation of the number of bioactive compounds. Then acute and sub-acute toxicity analysis of the herbal extract was performed to ensure the toxic effects if any. Biochemical parameters like ALT, AST, ALP, etc. and histopathological analysis was performed to study the toxicity of extract. Then, the anti-inflammatory activity of the T. ammi fruit extract employing Carrageenan and formalin induced edema model in rats were carried out. Results: : The ajwain seeds had a pungent smell and a characteristic odor. The powder microscopy clearly showed Endosperm, Unicellular warty trichomes, striated cuticle in surface view, vittae, Endodermis and Vascular Strand. Phytochemical tests reported the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, etc. and characteristic peaks in UV, Mass, NMR, FTIR and HPLC were observed on running the extract. Acute and Sub-Acute toxicity studies did not report any toxicity, and significant anti-inflammatory action was recorded. Conclusion: : The spectroscopic and pharmacognostic analysis has shown the strong presence of flavonoids, mineral matter, protein, phenols, saponins, carbohydrates, volatile oils, fiber, glycosides and fat. Spectroscopic study interpretations have shown the presence of compounds like thymol, para-cymene, γ-terpinene, α- and β-pinene, carvone, limonene, saponins, , β-phellendrene, βfenchyl alcohol, α-thujene, β-phellendrene, α-thujene etc. No signs of toxicity were recorded during acute and sub-acute toxicity studies by noting the relative weight and histopathological analysis. A significant anti-inflammatory potential of T. ammi fruit extract was found and LD50 must be beyond 3000 mg/kg. The results of this study could be useful; in setting the set of quality parameters for further identification of the crude herb and preparation of the monograph.

Background: A large number of cosmetic formulations have been developed based on herbs. Indian women have been using herbs such as sandalwood, aloe for skincare protection, since ages. In India, the rich cultural heritage is behind the materials used in cosmetics from the earliest period of medical and cosmetic art. Objective: Continuous application of synthetic compounds on the skin causes many adverse effects such as skin irritation, allergy, discoloration, rashes along with skin cancer. The aim of this review article is to explore herbs for different skincare needs. Materials and Methods: A literature search was done on various herbs used for skin nourishment, cleansing, sun-screens, bleach, anti-ageing, moisturization and other skin requirements. Results: There are various herbs present in nature. They improve and clarify skin gently in an utmost manner. Conclusion: These herbs are full of phytoconstituents, having natural goodness to fulfill the different demands of skin.

The main objective of this review is to evaluate the current knowledge about the interrelation of skin and nutrient, particularly the influences of nutrients on cutaneous immune responses, the photo protective effects of nutrients and the therapeutic actions of nutrients in skin disorders. The review encompasses some medicinal plants used for the treatment of cancer disease. The plant sources of India likely provide effective anticancer agents. In this article, we have covered the information which is gathered from the plants used recently identified in the cancer treatment. The focused nutrients are carotenoids, vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.