A Detailed Review on: Recent Advances, Pathophysiological Studies and Mechanism of Peptic Ulcer

Act. Probl. of the Modern Med.

2022

Peptic ulcer disease is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract worldwide. Among the causes of disability in the adult population, diseases of the digestive tract occupy the 5th place, and about 20.0–30.0% of them is peptic ulcer disease, which leads to permanent disability in more than 50.0% of patients. According to scientific reports, the prevalence of this pathology is due to its polyetiology, which leads to clinical heterogeneity and recurrent course. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative assessment of the antiulcer effect of placental cryoextract in prophylactic, therapeutic and therapeutic-prophylactic regimens in models of ethanol-prednisolone gastric lesions. The study was performed on 84 nonlinear laboratory male rats weighing 200–220 g. To simulate damage to the gastric mucosa, rats were administered a single ethanol-prednisolone mixture: prednisolone (20 mg/kg) dissolved in 80.0% ethyl alcohol (0.6 ml / 100 g of animal body weight). The rats were killed in 24 h after the administration of ethanol-prednisolone mixture. The drug "Cryocell-cryoextract of the placenta" was used in three modes: for prophylactic purpose – once a day for 5 days before the ethanol-prednisolone administration; for therapeutic purpose – once in 60 min after the administration of ethanol-prednisolone mixture; for the therapeutic and prophylactic purposes – once in 3 days before the administration of ethanol-prednisolone mixture and 60 min following the administration of ethanol-prednisolone mixture. The effect of the studied drug on the condition of the gastric mucosa was assessed macroscopically by L. V. Yakovleva scale. Macroscopic evaluation of the gastric mucosa showed that after 24 h following the administration of the ethanol-prednisolone mixture, the severity of damage averaged 3.7±0.37 points out of the five maximal points, and the ulcer index was 3.9 SU, respectively. The prophylactic five-day administration of esomeprazole resulted in an antiulcer activity in 45.9% of cases that was 1.8 times lower than that of the cryoextract rats. Erosive-ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa under the therapeutic-and-prophylactic modes of placental cryoextract were observed in only 28.6% of rats that corresponded to the value of the ulcer index equalled 0.3 units, and antiulcer activity was 92.3%. Under this regimen, the antiulcer activity of the cryoextract was practically comparable to the efficacy of esomeprazole (97.4%). Conclusion. The administration of cryoextracted placenta for the therapeutic purpose (once after ethanol-prednisolone mixture) is accompanied by the lowest antiulcer activity that was 22.2% and in 4.1 times lower than the effectiveness of esomeprazole. Therapeutic and prophylactic application of cryoextracted placenta led to a statistically significant (p<0.05) attenuation of the damaging effects of ethanol-predniolone mixture, and antiulcer activity was 92.3%, respectively.

Section: вступunclassified

Comparative Characteristics of Antiulcer Activity of Placental Cryoextract Under Different Modes of Application in the Experiment

Koshurba¹,

Act. Probl. of the Modern Med.

2022

“…Такий перебіг хвороби призводить до погі-ршення загального стану хворого: пригнічення імунної системи, емоційно-негативних наслідків та ін. [3,4].…”

Section: Introduction/вступunclassified

“…Гострі стресові виразки виникають при тяжких травмах, гострих захворюваннях різних органів, шокових станах, при різкому падінні артеріального тиску, кисневій недостатності тканин організму, порушеннях функцій печінки, нирок та ін. Патогенетичною основою стресового пошкодження СО шлунка (СОШ) є розлади мікроциркуляції, які призводить до зниження дифузії з кровотоку НСО 3 , який нейтралізує надлишок НCl у нормальних умовах, таким чином, стимулюючи підвищення секреції HCl та пригнічення слизоутворення [2,3,4].…”

Section: Introduction/вступunclassified

“…Одним провідних механізмів стресіндукованих уражень СОШ виступає розлад прооксидантно-антиоксидантної рівноваги, в наслідок чого у тканинах накопичуються токсичні продукти вільнорадикального окиснення, які можуть неспецифічно атакувати біологічні молекули, викликати окисну модифікацію білків (ОМБ) та нуклеїнових кислот, ініціювати лан-цюгові реакції пероксидного окиснення ліпідів (ПОЛ) у мембранах. При цьому накопичення в тканинах проміжних продуктів ПОЛ, що володіють здатністю знижувати проліферацію, є однією з можливих причин зменшення інтенсивності регенераційних процесів при ВХ [2,3,4].…”

Section: Introduction/вступunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Effect of Placental Cryoextract on the State of Protein-Lipid Metabolism in the Gastric Mucosa in Experimental Stress-Induced Ulcers

Кошурба

2022

EUMJ

Introduction. Peptic ulcer is one of the most prevalent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Stress factor is considered to have the highest impact on the development of ulcers, as it is present in almost all cases of onset and exacerbation of this disease. Acute stress ulcers occur with severe injuries, acute diseases of various organs, shock, a sharp drop in blood pressure, oxygen deficiency of body tissues, liver, kidney and others. Given the above facts, in the correction of stress-induced lesions of the gastric mucosa (GM) therapeutically, the target should consider not only reducing the aggression factors of gastric juice, but also the normalization of changes in protein and carbohydrate metabolism in GM. In this aspect, our attention was drawn to the domestic biotechnological preparation of placental cryoextract (CEP), which has a range of valuable biological effects. The aim is to study the effect of cryopreserved placenta extract on the state of protein-lipid metabolism in the gastric mucosa in a model of water-immobilization stress in rats. Materials and methods of research. The studies were performed on 28 nonlinear laboratory male rats weighing 200–220 g. Stress-induced gastric ulcer was modeled under water-immobilization stress (WIS) in rats according to the method of Takagi et al. To obtain the homogenate, the GM was perfused with cold (+ 4°C) buffer solution and homogenized at 3000 rpm (teflon/glass). The content of oxidatively modificated proteins (OMP) in GM was determined by Dubinina spectrophotometric method. The content of total lipids in the GM was determined spectrophotometrically by color reaction with sulfophosphovaniline reagent. Phospholipids (PL) were fractionated by the method of Svetashev and Vaskovsky. Research results. Evaluation of changes in protein metabolism in GM showed that the level of total protein in rats, which were preventively administered CEP before WIS, was almost comparable with that of intact rats, i.e., 50.1 ± 1.7 μg/mg tissue and 51.1 ± 1.3 μg/mg of tissue, respectively, which indicated the elimination of disorders of protein homeostasis with the introduction of the studied cryoextract. Studies of changes in total lipids and PL showed that the content of PL of animals treated with CEP was 26.9 ± 0.9%, which was not significantly different from that of intact animals (30.5 ± 0.9%) and, at the same time, it was by 7.3% higher (p < 0.001) as compared with animals who were administered esomeprazole. Conclusions. Prophylactic five-day administration of CEP to WIS leads to normalization of all evaluated indices, in particular, to increase of the total protein level by 29.0% (p <0.01), decrease of oxidatively modified proteins level by 20.6% (p <0.01), and the 2.3-fold increase (p <0.001) of the level of phospholipids in the total lipids pool.

Modulation of lipid peroxidation and energy metabolism in the gastric mucosa as a mechanism ofantiulcer activity of placental cryoextract in the healing of stress-induced ulcers

Кошурба

2022

GASTRO

Background. Peptic ulcer disease has a leading place in the overall structure of digestive diseases: its prevalence is 6.00–10.0 % of the population in developed countries, and mortality ranges from 6 to 9.7 per 100 thousand population. An important etiological factor of this pathology is the neuropsychological background, primarily stress, which under repeated exposure becomes the initiating factor of physiological imbalance between the elements of aggression and protection of the gastric mucosa. The purpose was to establish the mechanisms of the protective activity of placental cryoextract based on the biochemical indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in the gastric mucosa on a model of stress-induced erosive-ulcerative damage. Materials and methods. Studies were performed on 28 nonlinear laboratory male rats weighing 200–220 g. Stress-induced gastric ulcer was modeled under water-immobilization stress in rats according to the K.Y. Takagi et al. In the gastric mucosa, the content of reactants with thiobarbituric acid was determined spectrophotometrically by the method of T. Asakawa et al., catalase activity — spectrophotometrically by the method of M.A. Korolyuk et al., the content of reduced glutathione — spectrophotometrically by the method of E.D. Beutler et al., the level of adenyl nucleotides was determined using chromatographic method. Energy charge was calculated by D.E. Atkinson equation. Results. The prophylactic five-day use of placental cryoextract led to a decrease in the severity of stress-induced lipid peroxidation and energy imbalance in the gastric mucosa. Thus, it was found that rats who received placental cryoextract had a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in adenosine triphosphate content by 73.3 %, an increase in adenosine diphosphate (p < 0.001) by 37.3 % and a decrease in adenosine monophosphate (p < 0.001) by 47.6 % that led to an increase in energy charge (p < 0.001) by 35.1 % compared to rats exposed to water-immobilization stress without correction (control group). It was shown that the use of placental cryoextract led to a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in the antioxidant-prooxidant index by 3.1 times versus control group, which was (26.60 ± 0.96) and (8.60 ± 0.43), respectively. Conclusions. Prophylactic five-day administration of placental cryoextract leads to the restoration of balance in the system of adenyl nucleotides and, accordingly, to a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in the energy charge by 35.1 % compared to the control animals. Inhibition of stress-induced hyperactivation of lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa is one of the mechanisms of its antiulcer activity.