Photodynamic inactivation is an effective treatment that uses light irradiation, photosensitizer and oxygen. The aim of this study was to determine photodynamic effectiveness of laser diode combined with ozone to reduce Staphylococcus aureus biofilm using exogenous chlorophyll (Chlo). The chlorophyll was extracted from leave of Dracaena angustifolia. To determine the antibacterial effect of S. aureus biofilm treatments, samples were separated into Chlo, Laser, Chlo+Laser, Ozone, Ozone+Laser, Chlo+Ozone+Laser categories. The data were analyzed using ANOVA test. The result of this study showed that Chlo+Ozone+Laser combine treatment at 20 s exposure of ozone with 4 min of irradiation time lead to 80.26 % reduction of biofilm activity, which was the highest efficacy of all the treatment groups. The combination of laser, chlorophyll and lower ozone concentration increases the effectiveness of photodynamic inactivation.
Biofilm is a way used by bacteria to survive from their environmental conditions by forming colony of bacteria. Specific characteristic in biofilm formation is the availability of matrix layer, known as extracellular polymer substance. Treatment using antibiotics may lead bacteria to be to resistant. Other treatments to reduce microbial, like biofilm, can be performed by using photodynamic therapy. Successful of this kind of therapy is induced by penetration of light and photosensitizer into target cells. The sonodynamic therapy offers greater penetrating capability into tissues. This research aimed to use sonodynamic therapy in reducing biofilm. Moreover, it compares also the killing efficacy of photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and the combination of both therapeutic schemes (known as sono-photodynamic) to achieve higher microbial killing efficacy. Samples used are Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Treatments were divided into 4 groups, i.e. group under ultrasound treatment with variation of 5 power levels, group of light treatment with exposure of 75s, group of combined ultrasound-light with variation of ultrasound power levels, and group of combined lightultrasound with variation of ultrasound power levels. Results obtained for each treatment, expressed in % efficacy of log CFU/mL, showed that the treatment of photo-sonodynamic provides greater killing efficacy in comparison to either sonodynamic and sono-photodynamic. The photo-sonodynamic shows also greater efficacy to photodynamic. So combination of light-ultrasound (photo-sonodynamic) can effectively kill microbial biofilm. The combined therapy will provide even better efficacy using exogenous photosensitizer.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan panjang gelombang cahaya yang selektif sebagai sensor kadar asam lemak pada minyak jelantah. Minyak jelantah diperoleh dari limbah konsumsi rumah tangga dan pedagang kaki lima. Sampel minyak jelantah terbagi menjadi jumlah konsumsi yaitu 3 kali pengunaan, 6 kali penggunaan dan 9 kali penggunaan. Detektor cahaya yang digunakan adalah light dependent resistance yang dikendalikan oleh Arduino. Sumebr cahaya adalah laser dengan tiga panjang gelombang yaitu merah, hijau dan biru. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah perbedaan besar resisitansi antara cahaya yang melewati material dan cahaya tanpa melewai material. Berdasarkan hasil, akan dijelaskan interaksi cahaya yang melewati minyak jelantah dan panjang gelombang cahaya. Kadar asam lemak bebas pada minyak jelantah diukur dengan uji asam lemak bebas laboratorium. Berdasarkan kedua hasil pengukuran akan dikonversikan sehingga mendapat model sistem pengukuran. Berdasarkan model tersebut, panjang gelombang biru lebih sensitif sebagai sensor daripada panjang gelombang merah dan hijau.
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a bacterium that plays a major role in the occurrence of dental caries. Dental caries is a disease that destroys tooth structure, consequently the tooth becomes perforated as well as the sustainable state of accumulation of S. mutans excess in the oral cavity can cause damage to the tooth nerve. One alternative treatment of caries is Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI). PDI is a method of microbial inactivation using light and photosensitizer (PS). The absorption of light energy by PS molecules can produce reactive oxygen species that will damage the bacterial cells. Clinical antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using a light source is generally performed at various angles of irradiation depending on the position of the tooth. The amis of this study is to analyze the effect of LED lamination angle (450.00 ± 0.21) nm for inactivation of S. mutans by adding PS chlorophylls of Moringa oliefera leaf with concentration 8 mg / ml. Total Plate Count (TPC) was used to determine the decreasement of bacterial viability in CFU / ml. The ANOVA test showed that the irradiation with variation of 90˚ exposure angle and 180s exposure time potentially inactivated was significantly different with other treatment variation (p <α = 0,05). The 90 o LED illumination angle with 180 s LED time exposure to produce percentage decrease of bacterial colony (30.30 ± 4.23)% without PS chlorophyll and (46.74 ± 1.67)% with PS chlorophyll. So the angle and duration of exposure time of LED influence PDI efficacy.
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