2-Tosylacetonitrile (1) when reacted with α,β-unsaturated nitriles 2a-c or a mixture of formaldehyde and 3-amino-2-substituted-pent-2-endinitriles 6a,b yielded pyridine derivatives 3a-c and 9a,b, respectively, while when subjected to react with salicylaldehyde yielded chromene derivatives 4 and 5, subsequently. The behavior of thiocarbamoyl derivative 10 derived from 1 towards some α-halogenated compounds have been investigated as well as its behavior towards elemental sulfur and phenyl isothiocyanate. Newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antioxidant activity, erythrocytes haemolysis and bleomycin-independent DNA damage. Some of the tested compounds exhibited promising activities.

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The present work reports the synthesis of a new series of pyridopyrimidine derivatives. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by various analytical and spectral techniques. In addition, their antimicrobial activity was evaluated as well as modeling studies were performed to investigate their ability to recognize and bind to the biotin carboxylase (BC)-active site. The results showed a broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal profile of the synthesized derivatives. Docking results demonstrated that all members of this class of new derivatives were able to recognize the active site of Escherichia coli BC and form different types of bonding interactions with key active site amino acid residues. Besides the compounds with promising antimicrobial activity in addition to 6-aminothiouracil, as control, were incorporated into polycaprolactone nanoparticles to improve their water solubility, permeability through physiological barriers and consequently enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The compounds-loaded nanoparticles were prepared using single emulsion-solvent evaporation technique, and their diameters were found to be in the range 136 ± 30 to 213 ± 28 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed a spherical and dense morphology of the nanoparticles. The results also showed high entrapment efficiency of the synthesized bioactive compounds in the nanoparticles (85 ± 5% to 91 ± 2%) with a desirable in vitro biodegradation and release profiles.

We report herein the interaction of diethylethoxymethylene malonate (1) with 2‐cyanomethylbenzothiazole (7) to give diethyl 2‐(2‐benzothiazole‐2‐(3H)‐ylidiene)‐2‐(cyano ethyl) malonate (8a) in excellent yield. Ethyl 4‐cyano‐1‐oxo‐1H‐benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate (9) was synthesized from 8a and subjected to react with hydrazine hydrate to give its corresponding acid hydrazide 10. Condensation of 10 with different acid anhydrides afforded the corresponding benzothiazolo pyridine carboxamide derivatives 11–15. In addition, we report a simple synthesis of N′‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐((4‐ayl)amino)acetohydrazide derivative (17), which then reacted with different amines to give the corresponding acetohydrazide derivatives 19a–c. Moreover, compound 17 reacted with some sulfonamide derivatives to give the corresponding sulfonamide derivatives 20 and 22a,b.The newly synthesized compounds were established their structures on the bases of their correct analytical and spectral data and evaluated their antimicrobial activity. It was found that compounds 22a,b displayed the highest antimicrobial activity against the tested organisms.

Innovative poly‐substituted heterocyclic rings incorporating dioxoisoindoline (2–25) were synthesized through the reaction of dioxoisoindoline derivative 2 as starting compound with various types of reagents. All compounds were characterized by appropriate means of (1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, IR, and mass). The prepared compounds were evaluated as antimicrobial agents against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans microorganisms. The tested compounds exhibited low to moderate antibacterial activities and promising results as antifungal agents.

This review reported a broad overview on the chemistry of 2-tosylacetonitrile which considered as a very reactive synthetic compound. The synthetic methods of synthesis were reported. The reactions of the title compound led to the preparation of a variety of heterocyclic ring systems i.e. five and six membered ring systems containing one or two or three heteroatoms. The reaction mechanisms were discussed. The bibliography includes mainly 124 references.

A novel series of phenothiazine derivatives were synthesized and examined for antimicrobial activity. Most of the newly synthesized compounds exhibited high antimicrobial activity and the results were proven using theoretical data.