Извод: У раду се приказује изграђеност очуваних, високих, зрелих, састојина и младих састојина насталих планском обновом или спонтаном разградњом истих у монодоминантним шумама китњака (Quercetum petraeae Čer. et Jov. 1953.), из две субасоцијације, tilietosum и typicum, на подручју Националног парка "Ђердап". Приказ зрелих састојина се заснива на подацима са огледних површина, прикупљаним 1992. године, у периоду који карактерише појава масовног сушења китњака на наведеном подручју, и широм Европе. У састојинама, старим око 150 година у 1992. години, у спрату дрвећа је био заступљен само китњак. Састојине су са потпуним до густим склопом и имају високе износе запремине, а у структури по биолошком положају, квалитету дебла, развијености крошње и степену сушења стабала међу њима нема јаснијих разлика. Приказ младих састојина се заснива на подацима са трајне огледне површине, прикупљаним 2017. године, као и на подацима других аутора. Изграђеност младих састојина указује да је у фази обнове старих састојина потребно планирати различите узгојне мере у различитим субасоцијацијама монодоминантне шуме китњака, да би се очувало учешће китњака у довољној бројности.
In this article, the dependence of the sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) radial growth (tree-ring, earlywood, and latewood widths) on climate (the mean monthly temperature and precipitation totals) was studied in the Majdanpek area, north-eastern Serbia. The growth response of the oak trees to the prevailing climate conditions was dendroecologically investigated, by applying the correlation and response function, as well as by pointer years analysis. The site chronology covered 159 years (1855-2013). We found that latewood and total tree-ring width contain the imprinted positive response to the amount of precipitation in summer months (June and July) of the current growing season. The earlywood width showed no direct dependence on climate data, but it was significantly affected by the previous-year latewood width. Moreover, 40 % of the variation in the latewood width is explained by the earlywood variation in the same season. The temperature was not found to have any significant effect on the growth of oak at the study site. The use of pointer years, determined by applying several calculation procedures, has highlighted previous results, indicating that the precipitation in summer months was the deciding climate factor leading to the occurrence of the years with exceptionally wide or narrow tree-rings and latewood. To enhance our understanding of the response of the sessile oak growth at south-oriented sites with a shallow soil profile to precipitation and temperature variations, and expand the current database and knowledge, future studies should be undertaken.
In order to assess the impact of climate variations on Austrian pine forest in the Belgrade area, the radial growth of artificially-established Austrian pine trees and its dependence on temperature and precipitation was studied using dendroclimatological methods. The site is classified as Quercetum-frainetto cerris Rudski. Standard and residual chronologies were established and several common statistics were calculated. A dendroclimatic study was carried out using the correlation and response function analysis. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the chronology indices and 13 seasonal (3-month period) precipitation and temperature data were calculated for the period from 1959 to 2014. The applied response function analysis included 24 precipitation and temperature variables from October of the prior year to September of the current year. The results of the correlation analysis pointed out that there was a strong tendency towards a positive response to the summer and late summer/early autumn precipitation and a weak significant negative response to the spring and summer temperatures. Climate-growth relationships were further first studied using the response functions for the significant seasons that were detected from the correlation analysis and then for individual months from previous October to current September. These results also highlighted the findings that higher precipitation in the current summer months has a beneficial effect on the tree-ring width. The conducted correlation between the residual chronology and the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index indicated that a high summer value of this drought index had a positive impact on the pine growth and reinforced the previously detected relevance of September as an important month for the Austrian pine growth. These preliminary results point out that some additional climate-Austrian pine growth studies (application of various tree-ring features, growth data with a much longer time span, more sites/stands, etc.) should be performed to obtain new and valuable knowledge important for the sustainable management of Austrian pine forests.
Two new heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.) sites, located in Djerdap National park, on plagioclastic gneiss and podsolised dystric brown soil are described in this paper. Heather is the dominant species in the plant community with beech on these sites (Calluno-Fagetum moesiacae Cvj. 2003). This community is floristically poor and edaphically conditioned. Beech (Fagus sylvatica. subsp. moesiaca (Maly) Czeczott) is the only species in the tree layer, while heather dominates in the ground layer. According to the spectrum of areal types, mesic plant species of middleeuropean distribution type are dominant, with a significant share of plants of the xerothermous submediterranean distribution type. According to the biological spectrum, hemicryptophytes dominate in this community with a significant share of chamaephytes, which indicates deteriorated site conditions. According to the moisture requirements, the community is xeromesophillous, acidophillous according to soil reaction, according to the nitrogen content in soil it is highly oligotrophic, according to the light it is semi-tolerant, and according to the warmth requirement the community is mesothermic. The community of beech and heather represents a degradation stage of beech forests.
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