Due to their extraordinary diversity and high level of conservation, the forest ecosystems of Biogradska Gora undoubtedly fall under the most significant forest objects. Owing to the lack of anthropogenic impacts, it is an especially interesting and gratifying research subject for different experts and scientists. In order to implement a sufficiently high biodiversity level management, it is necessary to know the structural characteristics of untouched forests. In this paper we focused our attention on monodominant montane beech forests with their ecological and structural characteristics, as a bioecological basis for environmentally friendly planning and sustainable management of these and similar forest ecosystems
Među zapadnobosanskim gorama planina Klekovača zauzima posebno mjesto. Idući od Cincara u zapadnoj Bosni sve do Snežnika u Sloveniji, ona predstavlja najvišu planinu sjeverozapadnih Dinarida (Slika 1), gradeći moćan, 20 km dug, relativno uzak greben sa 1961 m visokim najvišim vrhom (Velika Klekovača). Jači mediteranski uticaj, koji dolinom Une i Unca prodire u ovdašnje dinarske planine, gubi se na južnim stranama susjedne Lunjevače, a njegov uticaj jasno se odražava kroz neke karakteristične vegetacijske tipove na ogoljelim padinama pomenute planine prema Drvaru. Sa sjeverne strane klekovačkog grebena prostire se masivni Grmeč, čije visinsko zoniranje vegetacije već odaje dominaciju umjereno kontinentalne u odnosu na (sub)mediteransku klimu (Brujić & Stanivuković, 2012). Skoro cijeli gorski pojas Klekovače predstavlja nepregledno prostranstvo mješovitih šuma bukve, jele i smrče (Slika 5), samo tu i tamo ispresijecano šumarskim naseljima ili manjim selima i rijetkim, ali prostranim, gorskim livadama krčevinama. Ove klimatogene šume na visokim južnim padinama UVOD / INTRODUCTIONIzvod U radu je sistematski prikazana flora planine Klekovača u zapadnoj Bosni i Hercegovini na osnovu objedinjenih višegodišnjih istraživanja autora i dostupne te kritički obrađene literaturne građe. Osim prikupljanja i obrade ovih podataka važan dio metodologije istraživanja sastojao se u rekonstrukciji puteva svih botaničara i fitocenologa, koji su od kraja 19. vijeka istraživali ovu planinu i ostavili pisanu dokumentaciju. Na ukupno 174 lokaliteta, na kojima je bilježena flora i sakupljen obilan herbarski materijal, utvrđeno je da vaskularna flora planine Klekovače na prikazanom obuhvatu broji 812 taksona do nivoa podvrste, svrstanih u 97 familija. Od ukupnog broja taksona 503 je bilo od ranije poznato iz literature, od čega 21 nije potvrđeno, dok je 309 prvi put registrovano za područje Klekovače. Vrsta Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. navodi se kao nova pridošlica u flori Bosne i Hercegovine, dok je za vrstu Monarda didyma L. prvi put registrovano da se subspontano širi na teritoriji Balkanskog poluostrva. Za svaki zabilježeni takson navedeni su svi lokaliteti sa koordinatama. Posebna pažnja posvećena je problematici taksonomije nekih kompleksnih rodova (Aconitum, Campanula, Eleocharis, Festuca, Heliosperma i Potentilla), kao i najznačajnijim rijetkim i ugroženim biljnim vrstama.
This research was carried out in natural stands of sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg. Ehrendorfer 1967) on Miroc mountain. Three comunities were investigated: Pure sessile oak forest (Quercetum montanum Cer. et Jov. 1953. s.l.), sessile oak-common hornbeam forest (Querco-Carpinetum moesiacum Rud. 1949. s.l.) and sessile oak-balkan beech forest (Querco-Fagetum Glis. 1971). Pure sessile oak forests are found on the following soils: dystric ranker and acid cambic soil on sandstone, dystric ranker and acid cambisols on phyllite, and acid cambic soil on schists. Sessile oak-hornbeam forests grow on sandstone, granite and schists. Sessile oak-beech forests are found on acid cambisol on phyllite and sandstone conglomerate. Various ecological conditions (exposition, slope, altitude, soil types and bedrock) on Mt Miroc caused the occurence of diverse sessile oak forest communities, while different states of these forest stands resulted from the implementation of management measures. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 37008: Odrzivo gazdovanje ukupnim potencijalima suma u Republici Srbiji]
Apstrakt: U radu je prikazana fitocenološka analiza mezofilnih šuma pitomog kestena (Castanea sativa Mill.) u Privrednoj jedinici "Pastirevo" kod Kostajnice. Istraživane sastojine su degradirane, izdana kog porijekla. Floristi ka analiza je pokazala da pripadaju mezofilnoj asocijaciji Aposeri foetidae-Castaneetum sativae Medak 2011 sveze Aremonio-Fagion i to njenoj degradiranoj varijanti var. Rubus hirtus. Ovaj osnovni tip se dalje raš lanjuje na mezofilniju varijantu bez kitnjaka (subasocijacija typicum) i acidotermofilniju varijantu sa kitnjakom. Prva dolazi pretežno na hladnijim, a druga na toplijim ekspozicijama.
This paper deals with the forest plant community of beech, fir and spruce (Piceo-Fago-Abietetum Čolić 1965), which is the most widely distributed plant community on the territory of national park „Tara“. Spectrum of life forms and floristic elements are specified for this community. Spectrum of life forms shows that hemicryptophytes are the most frequent, with high occurrence of geophytes, which is characteristic of this mesophilous plant community. Spectrum of floristic elements show that centraleuropean floristic element is dominant and that this plant community is under strong influence of subcentraleuropean region. Five subassociations are set apart on the basis of floristic composition and site conditions: typicum, drymetosum, aceretosum, pinetosum silvestrae and vaccinietosum. Spectrum of life forms is made for every subassociation separately in aim to compare their floristic compositions. Subassociations aceretosum and vaccinietosum are characterized by the highest occurence of phanerophytes, and the lowest occurence of this life form is represented in subassociation drymetosum. The highest occurence of geophytes is in subassociation aceretosum, and the lowest in pinetosum silvestrae and vaccinietosum. Occurence of hemicryptophytes is the highest in subassociations drymetosum and pinetosum silvestrae, and the lowest in aceretosum. Subassociation typicum is stable plant community, subassociations drymetosum and vaccinietosum grow on poorer sites, while subassociations aceretosum and pinetosum silvestrae represent degradation of beech, fir and spruce forest (Piceo-Fago-Abietetum Čolić 1965)
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