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Obesity is associated with an accelerated aging process, which prevents healthy aging. Both obesity and aging were manifested in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) level. These studies fulfill the scientific gap in assembled pharmacological activity assay of Caulerpa racemosa done in a previous preclinical trial. Six major compounds from sea grape (C. racemosa) extract were evaluated using an in silico approach against human pancreatic lipase, a-glucosidase, and a-amylase to predict prospective anti-obesity candidates. The lipase inhibitory activity of the extract reached 90.30 ± 0.40%, 1.75% lower than orlistat. The a-amylase inhibitory assay of the extract was 84.07 ± 5.28%, while the inhibitory activity against a-glucosidase was 81.67 ± 1.54%; both were lower than acarbose. We observe the effect of C. racemosa extract as anti-obesity with anti-aging by evaluating the obesity parameters in the human body for a 4-week period. There was a significant decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and body weight (p < 0.05); PGC-1α and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased significantly (p = 0.000), in Group B when compared with Group A. Our study revealed that sea grape extract is a potent anti-obesity with an anti-aging reagent that does not produce any significant adverse effects.

This study wants to investigate the effects of kombucha tea based on seagrapes on blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, and PGC-1α in Swiss albino mice that were given cholesterol-and fat-enriched diets (CFED). Antiglycation, tyrosinase inhibitory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were also determined. Forty male swiss webster albino mice weighing between 20 g-30 g were used for this study. Animals were distributed in random into 4 groups of 10 animals each; group A served as normal control (received standard dry pellet diet), group B were fed on CFED for 4 weeks, and groups C and D were fed on CFED and were administered 150 and 300 mg/kg of kombucha tea from seagrapes (Caulerpa racemosa) (p.o.). In vitro study show that the activity of anti-glycation, L-Tyrosine, L-Dopa, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibition were 62.79 AE 0.78, 9.05 AE 0.16, 27.14 AE 1.62, 90.42 AE 0.77, and 80.44 AE 1.00, respectively. Group C has a better activity in increasing PGC-1-alpha serum in mice than group D (p < 0.05). There were no meaningful differences between group C and D in blood cholesterol and blood glucose reduction (p ¼ 0.222), both groups have the same effect in lowering total cholesterol and blood glucose in mice. In conclusion, kombucha tea from seagrapes has potential as an anti-ageing functional food.

This study evaluated the effects of an aqueous extract of Caulerpa racemosa (AEC) on cardiometabolic syndrome markers, and the modulation of the gut microbiome in mice administered a cholesterol- and fat-enriched diet (CFED). Four groups of mice received different treatments: normal diet, CFED, and CFED added with AEC extract at 65 and 130 mg/kg body weight (BW). The effective concentration (EC50) values of AEC for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and lipase inhibition were lower than those of the controls in vitro. In the mice model, the administration of high-dose AEC showed improved lipid and blood glucose profiles and a reduction in endothelial dysfunction markers (PRMT-1 and ADMA). Furthermore, a correlation between specific gut microbiomes and biomarkers associated with cardiometabolic diseases was also observed. In vitro studies highlighted the antioxidant properties of AEC, while in vivo data demonstrated that AEC plays a role in the management of cardiometabolic syndrome via regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial function (PRMT-1/DDAH/ADMA pathway), and gut microbiota.

Green alga Caulerpa racemosa is an underexploited species of macroalgae, even though it is characterized by a green color that indicates an abundance of bioactive pigments, such as chlorophyll and possibly xanthophyll. Unlike chlorophyll, which has been well explored, the composition of the carotenoids of C. racemosa and its biological activities have not been reported. Therefore, this study aims to look at the carotenoid profile and composition of C. racemose and determine their biological activities, which include antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity in vitro. The detected carotenoids were all xanthophylls, which included fucoxanthin, lutein, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin based on orbitrap-mass spectrometry (MS) and a rapid ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) diode array detector. Of the seven carotenoids observed, it should be highlighted that β-carotene and canthaxanthin were the two most dominant carotenoids present in C. racemosa. Interestingly, the carotenoid extract of C. racemosa has good biological activity in inhibiting α-glucosidase, α-amylase, DPPH and ABTS, and the TNF-α and mTOR, as well as upregulating the AMPK, which makes it a drug candidate or functional antidiabetic food, a very promising anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory. More interestingly, the cytotoxicity value of the carotenoid extract of C. racemosa shows a level of safety in normal cells, which makes it a potential for the further development of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.

Background and aimsA combined eel and soy-based tempe (CEST) flour is rich in nutrients, especially its high amino acid content in which bioactive peptides (BPs) are expected to be found. Hence, this research aimed to identify the BPs of CEST flour and CEST supplementation’s effect on improving nutritional status biomarkers by ameliorating serum protein, hemoglobin, and IGF-1 of malnourished rats.MethodsCEST flour with a ratio of eel and soy-based tempe of 1:3.5 was produced by applying the oven drying method. Amino acid sequences from six BPs were analyzed using a protein sequencer and spectrometer-electrospray ionization (MS-ESI). A total of thirty malnourished male Rattus norvegicus aged 3–4 weeks were given low-protein (LP; 4% w/w protein) diet treatment for 4 weeks. Afterward, rats were divided into 3 groups of 10 rats. Group A and B remained on a low-protein diet for 4 weeks, receiving an LP diet and getting doses of CEST of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW, respectively, via oral. Group C or control was given a Normal-protein (NP) diet (23% w/w of protein) and was allowed to feed ad libitum during the trial period without a dose of CEST.ResultsSix bioactive peptides were found, with WMGPY being the most abundant, along with a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 5.0 mg/mL. The results showed that serum protein, hemoglobin, and IGF-1 of group B were significantly higher compared to groups A and C (p = 0.0021). CEST dose of 200 mg/kg BW was more effective to increase serum levels of protein (p = 0.0052), hemoglobin, and IGF-1 (p &lt; 0.0001) compared to a 100 mg/kg BW dose.ConclusionThis indicates that the CEST flour has six bioactive peptides, which may contribute to the improvement of nutritional status biomarkers. To establish its potential impact, a human clinical study is urgently needed.

Rice is one of the main cereals in the worldwide economic commodity. For better public health is the most important priority to food and nutrition. Consumption of plant foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, cereals and seafood a key role in disease prevention and health increased. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) a cereal crop is the major staple food sources for half of the world population. With an average annual population growth rate of ~1.5% and estimated per capita consumption of about 250 grams of rice per day, the demand for rice is expected to increase to 40% by 2025. This study aims to determine the content of nutrients in the Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Enrekang, macro nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and fiber nutrients, water, and ash. This research uses descriptive. Held on November 4th until December 1st, 2015 at the Laboratory of the University of Sam Ratulangi, and Balai Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan Manado. This research was conducted in laboratory sampel Black Rice (Oryza sativa L) Enrekang. With Gunning and data processing method to calculated the formula. The results of macro-nutrients Carbohydrate content of 83.8%, 8.2% protein, 2.2% fat. The content of micronutrients Vitamin C 0.9 mg, 25.7 mg Vitamin E, the mineral content are Magnesium (Mg) 3.11 mg, Calcium (Ca) 0.257 mg, Iron (Fe) 0.335 mg, Potassium (K) 0.821 mg , Zinc (Zn) 0.042 mg.Keywords: Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Enrekang, macro and micro nutrientsAbstrak: Padi merupakan salah satu sereal utama dalam komoditas ekonomi di seluruh dunia. Untuk kesehatan masyarakat yang lebih baik yang terpenting adalah mengutamakan bahan pangan dan gizi. Mengkonsumsi makanan nabati, termasuk buah-buahan, sayuran, biji-bijian, sereal dan kacang-kacangan serta makanan laut memainkan peran kunci dalam pencegahan penyakit dan peningkatan kesehatan. Beras Hitam (Oryza sativa L.) adalah tanaman yang menjadi sumber makanan pokok utama untuk setengah dari populasi dunia. Dengan tingkat tahunan rata-rata pertumbuhan penduduk dari ~ 1,5% dan diperkirakan konsumsi per kapita dari sekitar 250 gram beras per hari, permintaan beras diperkirakan akan meningkat menjadi 40% pada tahun 2025. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan zat gizi pada Beras Hitam (Oryza Sativa L.) Enrekang, zat gizi makro (Karbohidrat, Protein, Lemak), zat gizi mikro (Vitamin dan Mineral), serta zat gizi Serat, Air, dan Abu. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Yan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 4 November sampai dengan 1 Desember 2015 di Laboratorium Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado, dan Balai Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan Manado. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara laboratorium dengan sampel Beras Hitam (Oryza Sativa L) Enrekang. Dengan metode Gunning dan pengolahan data yang dihitung dengan rumus. Hasil kandungan zat gizi makro Karbohidrat 83,8%, Protein 8,2%, Lemak 2,2%. Kandungan zat gizi mikro Vitamin C 0,9 mg, Vitamin E 25,7 mg, kandungan mineral yaitu Magnesium (Mg) 3,11 mg, Kalsium (Ca) 0,257 mg, Besi (Fe) 0,335 mg, Kalium (K) 0,821 mg, Zink (Zn) 0,042 mg.Kata kunci: Beras Hitam (Oryza Sativa L.) Enrekang, zat gizi makro dan mikro

The use of denture aims to improve the function of mastication, restoring the aesthetic function, improve the function of phonetics, and maintain the remaining oral tissues to be healthy. This study aimed to obtain the pattern of tooth loss among people in Tondano District Roong Village West. The study population was the whole villagers of Roong who used removable partial dentures acrylic-based. There were 75 people obtained by a preliminary survey in October 2014. Sampling was conducted by using total sampling method. The results showed that tooth loss occured mostly of the lower jaw partly tooth loss (80.33%). The mostly used type was RPDs with a total of 50.43% (17.10% of the upper jaw, 33.33% of the lower jaw). The pattern of partly tooth loss was based on the Applegate-Kennedy clasification, and the most frequent was class VI 22.10% (32.14% of the upper jaw and lower jaw 16.33%). RPDs were use based on the pattern of tooth loss, the most frequent was class VI 22.10% (32.14% RPDs of the upper jaw and 16.33% of the lower jaw). Based on the pattern of tooth loss, the usage of GTC was most frequent of the class IV 27.27% (GTC maxilla 1 (5.55%).Keywords: pattern of tooth lossAbstrak: Penggunaan gigi tiruan bertujuan untuk memperbaiki fungsi pengunyahan, memulihkan fungsi estetik, meningkatkan fungsi fonetik, serta mempertahankan jaringan mulut yang masih ada agar tetap sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran pola kehilangan gigi pada masyarakat Desa Roong Kecamatan Tondano Barat. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh masyarakat desa Roong yang menggunakan gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan berbasis akrilik yang berjumlah 75 orang, diperoleh berdasarkan survei awal pada bulan Oktober 2014. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode total sampling. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pada kehilangan gigi kebanyakan terjadi pada rahang bawah kehilangan gigi sebagian sebanyak 80,33%. Penggunaan terbanyak jenis GTSL dengan jumlah 50,43% (rahang atas 17,10%, rahang bawah 33,33%). Pola kehilangan gigi sebagian berdasarkan klasifisikasi Applegate-Kennedy, terbesar kelas VI sebanyak 22,10% (rahang atas 32,14% dan rahang bawah 16,33%). Penggunaan GTSL berdasarkan pola kehilangan gigi, terbesar kelas VI sebanyak 22,10% (GTSL rahang atas 32,14% dan rahang bawah 16,33%). Penggunaan GTC berdasarkan pola kehilangan gigi, terbesar kelas IV sebanyak 27,27% (GTC rahang atas 1 orang yaitu 5,55%).Kata kunci: pola kehilangan gigi