Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is an important cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in burn patients. Hospital Infections caused by these bacteria are difficult to treat. Objectives: The present study aimed at determining the frequency of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in A. baumannii strains isolated from burn patients in Shahid Motahari hospital. Methods: This study was performed on 100 A. baumannii strains collected from Shahid Motahari hospital in Tehran during 2013 and 2014. The bacteria were cultured and identified. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to the CLSI guidelines. PCR assay was done to find the genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Results: In this study, highest resistance to antibiotic was reported for ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and ceftizoxime (100%), whereas the highest susceptibility was observed for colistin (100%), followed by gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramycin with (93%), (90%), and (87%), respectively. In the total of 100 strains studied, aphA6, aadB, aacC1 and aadA1 genes were found in 657 221 and 37 of A. baumannii isolates, respectively; 8 isolates had aadB and aphA6 genes and 3 had aadB, aadA1, aacC1, and aphA6 genes. Conclusions: This study showed the high frequency aminoglycoside-resistance genes among A. baumanni strains. Thus, the implementation of appropriate programs to prevent the spread of the bacteria seems necessary in the Shahid Motahari hospital.

Customer's trust is the most important and one of the key factors of success in e-commerce. However, trust is the essential aspects of e-banking adoption and the main element for building long-term relationships with the bank's customers. So the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors influencing on customer′s trust in e-banking services and prioritize them. Therefore, designed questionnaire was distributed among 177 electronic service customers in number of banks in the city of Karaj, Iran. Likert quintuplet scales were used to measure the variables. After collecting the questionnaires, the data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (by using LISREL 8.5). The results revealed that quality of electronic services such as ease of use, privacy and security, individual characteristics of customers such as disposition to trust and features of bank such as reputation, size and dependence on government, have had the greatest effect on customer′s trust in e-banking services.Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 5

Background: The presence of carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii has become a growing concern in patients who are hospitalized in burns centers. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and prevalence of blaOXA carbapenemases, as well as to detect the presence of ISAba1, in A. baumannii strains carrying OXA genes obtained from burns patients at Shahid Motahari hospital, Tehran, Iran. Methods: From August 2013 to March 2014, 100 clinical A. baumannii isolates were collected from patients who were admitted to the burns ward at Shahid Motahari hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using a disc diffusion test. PCR, sequencing, and multiplex PCR were used for the detection of blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-51-like, blaOXA-24-like, and blaOXA-58-like genes, which were then sequenced. The ISAba1 gene was detected, and PCR was performed to detect the presence of ISAba1/blaOXA-51-like and ISAba1/blaOXA-23-like genes. Results:The results showed that 93% of the strains were multi-drug resistant, while 82% of them were extensively drug resistant. Additionally, all the strains carried blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-51-like genes, while 74% and 0% of the strains harbored blaOXA-24-like and blaOXA-58 genes, respectively. ISAba1 was detected in all the strains except for one. The co-existence of ISAba1/blaOXA-51-like genes and ISAba1/blaOXA-23-like genes was detected in 65% and 80% of strains, respectively. Conclusions:The results of this study indicate that the emergence of OXA-type carbapenemases in A. baumannii causing nosocomial infections in burns patients could be of importance for hospital infection control systems in Iran.

Background: Carbapenemes are a good choice for treatment of infections caused by multidrug resistant Pseudomonads aeruginosa. The emergence of carbapenem resistance has become a major problem in treatment of this organism especially among immunocompromised patients including burn patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate carbapenem-resistance mechanisms among burn patients in Tehran, Iran, during 2014-2015. Methods: The antibiotic resistance phenotypic test was accomplished by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. The phenotypic investigation of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producers was evaluated by the combined disk diffusion test (CDDT) method. The prevalence of MBL genes, including blaIMP-1 and blaVIM-1 was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing methods. Amplification of oprD was performed by PCR and the results of sequencing were aligned with wild-type P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. Results: A total of 100 P. aeruginosa were investigated, of which, 95 were resistance to imipenem. Out Of 95 imipenem resistant isolates" 81 (85.2%) were MBL producers. Among all isolates, 13 strains carried the blaIMP-1 gene, whereas all of the strains were negative for the blaVIM-1 gene. Amplification of OprD porin was performed for all 100 P. aeruginosa strains. Two insertion sequences (ISs) including ISPpu21 and ISPa1328 were detected in PCR products of OprD gene, that were larger than expected. Conclusions: The prevalence of β-lactamase-producing isolates and their isolation from life-threatening infections in burn patients is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Also, we have identified two novel IS elements, ISPa1328 and ISPpu21, in P. aeruginosa isolates from hospitals in Tehran, Iran. In most of the isolates, insertional inactivation of oprD by ISPa1328 and ISPpu21 were associated with carbapenem resistance.

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