Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of mortality and disability in Iranian adults. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and CVD incidence in a large sample of adults in northeastern Iran. Methods: The present study comprised a prospective study of 5706 CVDfree men and women aged 35-65 years who participated in a cohort study. All of the participants were followed up for a 6-year period. Dietary patterns were derived from a 65-item validated food frequency questionnaire and the factor analysis method was used to determine dietary patterns. Results: We identified two major dietary patterns: (i) a Balanced dietary pattern (a high intake of green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, fruits, dairy products, red meats, poultry, seafoods, legumes and nuts, as well as a low intake of sugar) and (ii) a Western dietary pattern (a high intake of sugar, tea, egg, snacks, fast foods, potato, carbonated beverages, pickled foods, organs meat and butter) by factor analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of total CVD in the highest versus lowest tertiles of the Balanced pattern were 1.29 (95% CI = 0.67-2.47; P = 0.44). The HR and 95% CIs of CVD in the highest versus lowest tertiles of Western pattern were 2.21 (95% CI = 1.08-4.45; P = 0.03). Conclusions: During the 6-year follow-up, we found that adherence to a Balanced dietary pattern was not significantly associated with CVD events. However, adherence to a Western dietary pattern was associated with a significantly increased risk of CVD events and its associated risk.
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Background: This study was conducted to evaluate working posture of
operating room nurses and its relationship with demographic and job details of this
group.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 147 operating room nurses in Tabriz,
Iran using a questionnaire and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) checklist. The data
were analyzed with SPSS.16 using t test, Pearson correlation coefficient and analysis of variance
(ANOVA) tests for univariate analysis and the linear regression test for multivariate analysis.
Results: The mean (SD) of REBA score was 7.7 (1.9), which means a high risk
level and highlights an urgent need to change the working postures of the studied nurses.
There was significant relationship between working posture and age (P = 0.003), gender (P
= 0.003), regular daily exercise (P = 0.048), work experience (P = 0.003), number of
shifts per month (P = 0.006) and type of operating rooms (P < 0.001) in univariate
analyses. Gender and type of operating room were the predictors of working posture of
nurses in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for ergonomic interventions and
educational programs to improve working posture of this study population, which can
consequently lead to promotion of health and well-being of this group.
Atherosclerosis is an arterial disease associated with inflammation. Thrombin is a procoagulant and proinflammatory serine protease that contributes to the pathology of atherosclerosis by enhancing the expression of cell adhesion molecules, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, activating inflammatory responses in atherosclerotic plaques, stimulating proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells, and exacerbating vascular lesions at sites of injury. Hence, thrombin appears to be an important target for treatment of atherosclerosis and thrombin pharmacological inhibitors have significant therapeutic potency for suppressing inflammatory responses in cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the proinflammatory signaling functions of thrombin as well as the therapeutic potency of thrombin inhibitors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and hence their potential therapeutic value in this condition.
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