Judicial activism plays an important role in shaping various countries' political contexts with different political systems and regime types. Academic literature and debates are divided among various groups in favour and against judicial activism. This work reviews range of available data to probe case of judicial activism in Pakistan from 2005 to 2013. Judicial activism in Pakistan seemed to be short-lived and selective in nature. The Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP) exercised activism without limits in cases against representative parliamentarians who were already constrained in many matters by other unconstitutional powers. No doubt, it reviewed various malpractices of the executive in the domain of public policy and governance, which enhanced its legitimacy and popularity. A vibrant media further contributed to the Court's popularity. But the transgression of institutional boundaries by the apex court for 'pious' objectives failed to introduce judicial reforms and eradication of corruption in the lower judiciary. Selectivity in the SCP activism was visible in its limitation to implement some of its verdicts against ex-military officers. This paper discusses these contradictions within the activism by the higher judiciary in Pakistan, and suggests various recommendations in the latter part of the paper.
The Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP) is one of the pillars of the Government of Pakistan, which is not only a player in the game of governance, but also has the capacity to rewrite the rules of the game in favor of institutionalization. Various organizations of the state started organizing themselves around rules and hence gave rise to an institutionalized form of constitutional governance. In case of NRO, SCP upheld supremacy of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973, independent of political considerations. It’s emphasis on the constitution has driven the process of governance in the country in the direction of institutionalization. This research aims to discover the institutional role of Supreme Court of Pakistan in good governance through its verdict(s) on National Reconciliation Ordinance (NRO). The way in which stability, coherence, adaptability, and autonomy have been achieved by the Supreme Court of Pakistan in the said case will be traced and analyzed.
The study was initiated to measure the utilization of remittances on productive and nonproductive purposes in the hilly area of district Chitral. Three villages were purposively selected for analysis, and 150 respondents were selected randomly for face-to-face interview. The utilization was measured using t-test and percentage changes. The main indicators used in the research were education, income and expenditure. It was found that the remittances have a positive impact on the families left behind by the migrants. Thus overall, the results showed a positive effect on the socio-economic wellbeing of the respondents.
Khudai Khidmatgar Movement was an important historical movement which mobilized the polity in a bottom-up direction to awaken the people living in the then North Western Province and today's province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was a transformational and charismatic leader. He educated common people about non-violence as a tool for organization and accomplishment of designed objectives. The essence of whole movement was rooted in the religion Islam which is interesting against the background of inspiration drawn by Pushtuns nationalists for the legitimacy of their narratives. This work throws new light on historical legacy of Khudai Khidmatgar Movement led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan from a leadership perspective through historical comparative method. A new insight will be made to dig out various methods adopted by the leadership of the movement to gain the legitimacy of the movement and which had roots in religious text.
This study aims to measure the effect of soft TQM practices on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of healthcare professionals. Data were collected from three ISO 9000:2008 certified hospitals located in two northern cities of Pakistan. Out of 800 self-administered questionnaires distributed to doctors and nurses, 530 filled questionnaires were returned. Results were drawn by applying reliability, correlation, and linear regression analyses. Study proves that soft TQM practices exert a positive effect on organizational commitment and job satisfaction of healthcare professionals. However, the study fails to find any significant impact of top management commitment, leadership, and customer focus on job satisfaction. Contrary to previous work, the study proves the negative effect of customer focus on organizational commitment. Hospital administration should be committed to successfully implement the TQM practices for the improvement of organizational commitment and job satisfaction of healthcare professionals. This study can be considered as a pioneer work that examined the relationship of TQM practices with job satisfaction and organizational commitment of healthcare professionals in Pakistan.
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