Pakistan is one of the developing countries, where the majority of the population resides in rural areas with a high poverty rate. Microfinance in rural areas is considered an effective tool not only making the people financially strong but at the same time improving their standard of living. The current research investigates the impact of local NGOs on rural life in the northern areas of Pakistan.in this regard, a parametric approach, Structural equation Modelling (SME) was applied to analyze the impact of microfinance projects on welfare using a case of four microfinance NGOs. The data was collected from 566 respondents using a pre-designed questionnaire. The results show the welfare of the people increased in terms of income, consumption, empowerment, employment. The findings imply that the loan size should be increased so that the respondents’ would be able to save and acquire more assets. In addition, Ngo microfinance organizations initiate programs such as education and health awareness along with training on entrepreneurial skills before granting loans so that the microfinance loan can be utilized efficiently.
Khudai Khidmatgar Movement was an important historical movement which mobilized the polity in a bottom-up direction to awaken the people living in the then North Western Province and today's province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was a transformational and charismatic leader. He educated common people about non-violence as a tool for organization and accomplishment of designed objectives. The essence of whole movement was rooted in the religion Islam which is interesting against the background of inspiration drawn by Pushtuns nationalists for the legitimacy of their narratives. This work throws new light on historical legacy of Khudai Khidmatgar Movement led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan from a leadership perspective through historical comparative method. A new insight will be made to dig out various methods adopted by the leadership of the movement to gain the legitimacy of the movement and which had roots in religious text.
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