At present, plant biostimulating adaptogens used in the process of growing a wide range of cultivated plants are artificial analogs of natural stimulants, the chemical composition of which contains phytohormones, amino acids and a vitamin complex, which enhance the growth and development of the root system of plants by several times. The effectiveness of these agents is explained by the creation of a mutually beneficial symbiosis of the mycelium of mycorrhizal fungi and the root system of the plant, thereby providing the roots of the orchid with biologically active elements: mineral salts, enzymes, hormones and vitamins. Mycorrhizal fungi, in turn, receive carbohydrates necessary for their growth and development. Due to the fact that indoor plants contain a small amount of growth regulators in their chemical composition, their synthetic analogs are necessary for the productive growth and development of the orchid, which determines the relevance of the research carried out. The article presents the results of experiments on the effect of biostimulating adaptogens Ribav-extra, Ecopin and Epin-extra on the process of root formation of cuttings and morphological features in the studied species of dendrobium orchid. The studied plants were propagated in three ways: by dividing the bush, pseudobulbs and cuttings. The cuttings were soaked for 18 h before planting in drug solutions at a concentration of 1 ml/10 L of water. Also, vegetative plants were sprayed twice with biostimulants: in the phase of regrowth of the first leaf and two weeks later at a concentration of 0.5 ml/10 L of water. The results obtained showed differences in the experimental variants in terms of the onset of phenological phases: the beginning of the formation and regrowth of roots, leaves and peduncles, as well as the flowering period. The reaction of dendrobium to treatment with Ribav-extra, Ecopin and Epin-extra was revealed. In plants in all variants, the preparations used stimulated the development of the root system, leaf apparatus, and the appearance of peduncles. The phenophase data in the tested plants occurred 7-28 days earlier in comparison with the control variant (without the use of bioregulators). The treatment of the test plants with the growth regulator Ribav-extra promoted earlier regrowth of the first and second roots and leaves (by 20-28 days). Ekopin turned out to be the most passive and did not significantly affect the rate of development of the tested plants. The phenophases of regrowth of the 1st root and 1st leaf began 3-5 days earlier than the plants of the control variant. Ribav-extra and Epin-extra stimulated the appearance of peduncles in plants by the age of 3 years.
Fertilizers help to fill the missing nutritional elements for plants and affect their growth and the future crop. The paper presents the results of conducted studies on the effect of nutrient solution concentration on morphological and biochemical indicators of white cabbage seedlings. The seedlings of two early-ripe cabbage hybrids – Mirror F1 and Tiara F1 – were grown in peat substrate trays. A nutrient solution of 50 ppm (No.1) and 150 ppm (No.2) was used to feed the seedlings twice during the growing period. The obtained results showed the differences in experimental variants in terms of the height of seedling plants, the number of leaves and leaf-area duration, the weight and volume of the root system, total solids, content of sugar, ascorbic acid. The varietal reaction of cabbage seedlings to the introduction of root feeds with different concentrations was revealed. The nutrient solution No. 2 of hybrid plants Mirror F1 stimulated the development of roots, their weight exceeded the control indicators (without fertilizers) by 37.3%, and the volume – by 37.8%, contributed to the increase of the content of solids (8.27%), general sugar (0.53%), ascorbic acid (78.79 mg%). When fed with nutrient solution No. 2 the seedlings of Tiara F1 hybrid were characterized by a large leaf-area duration, which exceeds the control by 1.3 times, and the indicators of the root system. The plants of this seedlings consisted of 49.5% of the root system. The chemical analysis of water in greenhouse farming for irrigation of plants showed that it contains various macro- and microelements that are necessary for the growth of vegetable seedlings. The concentration of the nutrient solution did not significantly affect the content of macroelements in the seedlings. When using nutrient solution No. 2, an increase in the plants of the two studied phosphorus hybrids was noted, a deficit of which is very often observed when growing seedlings.
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