The sources of nutrient accumulation in beans and bean seeds are the process of photosynthesis, root nutrition during the seed filling period, as well as the reutilization of substances accumulated in the vegetative organs in the previous period. The close dependence of the competition intensity on the number of plants per unit area of sowing is revealed. It was found that although increased nitrogen doses significantly reduce the competitive mutual inhibition of plants, it begins earlier than with a low nitrogen nutrition level. The main factor for which bean plants compete during the emergence-beginning of flowering phase under normal cultivation conditions is the available soil nitrogen. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizers rational use leads to a more complete phenotypic manifestation of the vegetable beans genetically determined productivity.
Fertilizers help to fill the missing nutritional elements for plants and affect their growth and the future crop. The paper presents the results of conducted studies on the effect of nutrient solution concentration on morphological and biochemical indicators of white cabbage seedlings. The seedlings of two early-ripe cabbage hybrids – Mirror F1 and Tiara F1 – were grown in peat substrate trays. A nutrient solution of 50 ppm (No.1) and 150 ppm (No.2) was used to feed the seedlings twice during the growing period. The obtained results showed the differences in experimental variants in terms of the height of seedling plants, the number of leaves and leaf-area duration, the weight and volume of the root system, total solids, content of sugar, ascorbic acid. The varietal reaction of cabbage seedlings to the introduction of root feeds with different concentrations was revealed. The nutrient solution No. 2 of hybrid plants Mirror F1 stimulated the development of roots, their weight exceeded the control indicators (without fertilizers) by 37.3%, and the volume – by 37.8%, contributed to the increase of the content of solids (8.27%), general sugar (0.53%), ascorbic acid (78.79 mg%). When fed with nutrient solution No. 2 the seedlings of Tiara F1 hybrid were characterized by a large leaf-area duration, which exceeds the control by 1.3 times, and the indicators of the root system. The plants of this seedlings consisted of 49.5% of the root system. The chemical analysis of water in greenhouse farming for irrigation of plants showed that it contains various macro- and microelements that are necessary for the growth of vegetable seedlings. The concentration of the nutrient solution did not significantly affect the content of macroelements in the seedlings. When using nutrient solution No. 2, an increase in the plants of the two studied phosphorus hybrids was noted, a deficit of which is very often observed when growing seedlings.
To obtain high yields of potatoes, plant growth and development regulators of various origins are used. Recently, the use of chemicals made from natural raw materials has become more widespread. One of them is the chemicals Relict based on humic and fulvic acids, which have growth-stimulating adaptogenic and protective properties from peat. It is used both for treatment of tubers before planting, and for vegetative plants treatment. Such treatment allowed to reduce the sparseness in potato plantings, and also contributed to an increase in the yield of large and medium fractions of tubers. The marketability of tubers in the control is 81.7%, and in the areas treated with Relict is higher - at a concentration of 0.01 % - 91.6 %, and by 0.05 % - 93.7 %.
Создание селекционного материала с заданными свойствами является ключевой проблемой, успешное решение которой стало возможном с появлением технологии генной инженерии. На ее основе проведена оценка исходного материала по выявлению образцов, пригодных к созданию гетерозисных гибридов, обладающих комплексом хозяйственно-ценных признаков, в том числе устойчивостью к вирусу скручивания листьев томата (TYLCV)
The article presents the results of the study of the growth stimulator Zircon concentreation influence on the decorative qualities of large-flowered eustoma of White Kyoto F1 and Flamenco pink F1 hybrids. In the experiment, the drug concentration was studied from 0.25 to 5.0%. The drug foliar application affected the height of the plant, the number of leaves and their size, the passage of phenological phases by plants and the duration of flowering. The most effective was the use of Zircon with a solution concentration of 2.5%.
The growing demand of the country’s population for head lettuce is met, according to various authors’s estimates, by no more than 30-35%. The mains suppliers from Iran, Israel, and Uzbekistan are actively involved in the import of green crops in Russian Federation. One of the existing levers of increasing the production of head lettuce is the introduction of new high-yielding and complex-resistant hybrids into production and the development of varietal agricultural techniques for their cultivation. The article presents an agro-technology evaluation of new hybrids of head lettuce F1 Serena and F1 LE 10585 of the company “Sakata” according to the main economically valuable indications (productivity, yield, biochemical analysis) in the conditions of the Anapa-Taman zone.
The article presents the research results on the effect of the humic preparation BioHumus Grand Flora Victoria on the formation of lettuce crop in a winter glazed heated greenhouse. The sowing qualities of seeds (germination, germination energy) were analyzed when treated with the preparation in solution of different concentrations, while laboratory germination increased by 10-20%. Productivity indicators (the aboveground mass and root system, the number of leaves and their area) were studied when using leaf and root feeding of plants. It was found that the largest plant mass (82.5 g), leaf mass (53.1 g) and their area (806.5 cm2) were obtained by growing lettuce using leaf and root feeding with the 10% preparation solution. The use of leaf dressing alone 1.4-2.2 times increased the lettuce leaves area compared to the control. The biochemical composition of lettuce leaves during the harvesting period showed differences in the dry matter, total sugar, ascorbic acid content. The largest amount of dry matter (10.3%) and vitamin C was the variant with leaf feeding of plants with the 5% preparation solution. The 20% preparation solution, the highest in the experiment, restrained the rate of dry matter, fructose and ascorbic acid accumulation in the production.
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