The sources of nutrient accumulation in beans and bean seeds are the process of photosynthesis, root nutrition during the seed filling period, as well as the reutilization of substances accumulated in the vegetative organs in the previous period. The close dependence of the competition intensity on the number of plants per unit area of sowing is revealed. It was found that although increased nitrogen doses significantly reduce the competitive mutual inhibition of plants, it begins earlier than with a low nitrogen nutrition level. The main factor for which bean plants compete during the emergence-beginning of flowering phase under normal cultivation conditions is the available soil nitrogen. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizers rational use leads to a more complete phenotypic manifestation of the vegetable beans genetically determined productivity.
The purpose of the study is to study varieties of vegetable pepper of domestic selection: Big change (standard), Orange bull, Snow leopard, yellow Cockatoo and sweet Tooth for a number of economically valuable characteristics. Varietal differences in the biochemical composition of fruits, the timing of crop formation, and productivity were established. Fruits with red and yellow color are in high demand among the population, which is consistent with their richer biochemical composition. The yield of pepper in the conditions of film greenhouses showed a variation in varieties and hybrids in the range of 5.8-7.0 kg / m2 with an average fruit weight of 140-250 g. The varieties belonged to the group of early and medium - ripened varieties, which determines their feasibility for growing both in the open ground and in film greenhouses. The construction of storage facilities with CSG will facilitate import substitution of vegetable products and provide the population with fortified products throughout the year.
Relevance. In recent years, the price of seeds for melons and gourds of foreign selection has reoriented many agricultural producers to use seeds of domestic varieties. To provide agricultural producers with the required amount of seeds with high sowing rates, it is necessary to apply new technological methods that will allow using the biological potential of varieties and growing commercial volumes of seeds.Material and methods. The research was carried out at the selection and experimental site of the vegetable growing department in the "Federal Scientific Rice Centre " in 2017-2018. The object of research is a new promising variety of watermelon Yubilyar, and two early-ripening varieties of melon Tamanskay and Strelchanka. Sowing terms: spring – from mid-April to the end of the first decade of May, summer – the first and second decades of July. Summer sowing with drip irrigation. When harvesting melon and watermelon fruits, the selection intensity is 90% to obtain reproductive seeds RS-1.Results. It has been established that due to the climatic conditions of the Krasnodar Territory and the varietal characteristics of the melon varieties Tamanskaya, Strelchanka and the watermelon Yubilyar, a short growing season and a neutral reaction to changes in the length of the day, you can get two harvests of seeds in one season using summer sowing. It was noted that low air humidity prevented damage to plants by peronospora, anthracnose and powdery mildew, practically eliminating the need for protective measures. The selected ripe fruits for the selection of seeds by morphological characteristics corresponded to varietal characteristics. It has been established that the seed productivity of melon during summer sowing is higher due to better pollination. From one hectare received up to 97-138 kg of seeds. The use of ripening made it possible to carry out a one-time collection of watermelon and melon fruits.
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