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We report a case of amyloidosis cutis dyschromica with diffuse postinflammatory-type hypo- and hyperpigmentation all over the body. The diagnosis was confirmed with routine light microscopic and immunohistochemical staining methods. The patient was treated with acitretin with a good response.

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The differential diagnosis of intracranial solitary fibrous tumors includes fibroblastic meningioma, meningeal hemangiopericytoma, neurofibroma, and schwannoma. The differential diagnosis in the present case was greatly helped by the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings, along with a disease-free 3.5-year follow-up. These findings are presented with reference to previous reports.

Since polypoid cystitis (PC) is generally caused by indwelling catheter use, in order to evaluate the patients with PC unrelated to a intravesical catheter, a retrospective analysis of the records of the Pathology Department of Turgut Ozal Medical Center was performed and this revealed 8 patients. Mean age of the 2 female and 6 male patients was 48 years (28 to 70). None of the patients had bacterial growth in urine cultures. All cases were diagnosed incidentally by radiologic and cystoscopic examinations in the evaluation of different conditions, such as hematuria, ovarian abscess, bladder carcinoma, erectile dysfunction, neurogenic bladder, benign prostate hyperplasia and unexplained dysuria. At the beginning, all patients were diagnosed mistakenly as bladder carcinoma. The definitive diagnosis was made after histopathologic examinations of transurethrally resected specimens. Patients were followed for 6 months to 2 years after first diagnosis. No recurrence was established during follow-up. The final urologic examinations which were done currently, were normal. In conclusion, PC is a benign lesion and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Calciphylaxis is a poorly understood and highly morbid syndrome of vascular calcification and skin necrosis. Hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism are the factors implicated in the pathogenesis of calciphylaxis, which is generally identified in patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to end-stage renal disease. It has also been observed in primary hyperparathyroidism, end-stage liver disease, and rheumatoid arthritis, in the absence of renal disease. There are few case reports of calciphylaxis occurring in hypercalcemia of malignancy. An unusual case is reported of calciphylaxis associated with malignant melanoma of the soft parts in the absence of renal or parathyroid disease. This is the first reported case of this soft tissue sarcoma showing calciphylactic changes.

Most malignant rectal tumors are histopathologically characterized as adenocarcinoma and generally metastasize to distant organs such as the lungs or the liver. Metastasis of rectal carcinomas to the skull is extremely rare. This study reports the initial diagnosis of rectal adenocarcinoma recurrence in a 65-year-old female with scalp metastasis. The patient's history indicated a colorectal adenocarcinoma that was resected five years earlier. A skull metastasis from a rectal adenocarcinoma has not yet been reported in the literature as an initial symptom for recurrence. This paper suggests that skull metastasis from any part of the body must be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors in the skull even in the absence of intestinal symptoms.

Cholestasis-induced liver injury during bile duct obstruction causes an inflammatory response and this inflammatory process may be an important source of tissue injury. We hypothesized that NF-kappaB inhibition would decrease liver injury in a rat model of extrahepatic biliary obstruction. A total of 40 female rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were allocated to four groups. First group was sham operated control. The second group underwent common bile duct ligation (BDL) and was monitored for 10 days. Third group of rats underwent BDL and received pyrrolidine dithiocarbomate (PDTC) at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally. Fourth group underwent BDL and received sulfasalazine at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. Both inhibitors were administered once a day throughout last 7 days of the experimental period. Rats were terminated 10 days after sham operation or BDL. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamil transpeptidase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were elevated in the BDL group as compared to the control group, while this increase was significantly decreased by treatment with PDTC and sulfasalazine (P < 0.05). Hepatic GSH, SOD and catalase levels were significantly depressed by BDL, but were elevated back to control levels in NF-kappaB inhibitor-treated BDL groups. Increases in tissue free radical and MDA levels and MPO activity due to BDL were reduced back to control levels by NF-kappaB inhibitor treatment (P < 0.05). Similarly histological damage in the BDL rats was reduced by treatments. These results indicate that inhibitors of NF-kappaB activity such as PDTB and sulfasalazine exert a therapeutic effect on cholestatic liver injury in rats with BDL through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions.