The study analysed the welfare and employment issues related to foreign workers in Sabah. This study aims to determine the main factors that contribute to the oil palm productivity in relation to minimum wage, welfare management, and training provided to the foreign workers, to examine productivity status of the foreign harvesters and loose fruit collectors with welfare management and to examine the foreign harvesters’ and loose fruit collectors’ employment situations in oil palm plantations in Mensuli Estate. The method that had been used to obtain the data in this study was questionnaires distribution method and personal interviews. The questionnaires consisted of four (4) sections the questionnaire format based on Likert Scale. The data was analysed by using factorial analysis. The factor analysis identified seven factors that led to welfare and employment issues of foreign workers. The factors including competition with Indonesian palm oil plantation, training provided by the company, welfare management, satisfaction with the company welfare management, wage satisfaction, minimum wage and high cost of living. It was found that most of the respondents knew about the wage hike in Indonesia palm oil plantations and they were willing to return back to their homeland. Therefore the government should take an action to prevent the workers shortage issues in the plantation by encouraging local younger generation to work in the plantation sectors.
Melamine is added to diluted milk to increase the nitrogen content confounding the protein concentration in milk. Milk adulterated with melamine can cause acute renal failure, kidneys damage and death. The presence of melamine in milk can be detected using Raman spectroscopy from its unique feature at 676cm -1 Raman shift. In this study, several samples of melamine adulterated milk are prepared in different forms to imitate the possibility on how melamine is illegally added into milk. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), dataset of milk and melamine adulterated milk dimension is reduced to several significant principal component which are highly correlated to the melamine and features. The presence of melamine in milk can be visually classified from PCA loading score plots and presented in this paper.
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