The objective of this meta-analysis was to elucidate whether there are general underlying effects of dietary tannin extract supplementation on rumen fermentation, digestibility, methane production, performance, as well as N utilisation in ruminants. A total of 70 papers comprised of 348 dietary treatments (from both in vivo and in situ studies) were included in the study. The database was then statistically analysed by the mixed model methodology, in which different experiments were considered as random effects and tannin-related factors were treated as fixed effects. The results revealed that an increased level of tannin extract inclusion in the diet lowered ruminant intake, digestibility, and production performance. Furthermore, the evidence also showed that an increased level of tannin extract decreased animal N utilisation where most of rumen by-pass protein was not absorbed well in the small intestine and directly excreted in the faeces. Due to the type of tannin extract, HT is more favourable to maintain nutrient intake, digestibility, and production performance and to mitigate methane production instead of CT, particularly when supplemented at low (<1%) to moderate (~3%) levels.
Background and Aim: Stress can cause physiological and biological disorders in the body. On the other hand, antioxidants from vitamins and minerals are effective for stress treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the administration of Vitamins C and E on serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), testosterone, and cortisol activity in albino rats with chronic variable stress (CVS). Materials and Methods: Twenty albino rats were randomly assigned into four treatment groups: C was administered normal saline; T1 was administered Vitamins C and E; T2 was only induced CVS; and T3 was induced CVS followed by Vitamins C and E administration. All treatments were applied for 4 weeks, respectively. Furthermore, 5 mL of blood samples were collected intracardially. Body weight data were collected for the initial and final weights. From serum samples, SOD, GPx, and CAT were measured using the enzymol method; MDA was measured using the high-performance liquid chromatography method; and testosterone and cortisol were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. All variables were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance followed by the Duncan test (p<0.05). Results: Our findings showed that the T1 and T3 groups significantly decreased (p<0.001) compared to T2 in the following parameters: SOD, MDA, GPx, and cortisol. Meanwhile, CAT and testosterone levels in the T1 and T3 groups were significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to the T2 group. In addition, the weight gain in T1 and T3 groups was significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to T2 group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the administration of Vitamins C and E had a significant effect to alleviate SOD, MDA, GPx, and cortisol and to improve the testosterone level in albino rats with CVS.
Tarsius spectrum is a primate species endemic to Sulawesi. Populations of the species have decreased due to habitat destruction and hunting. The sexual behaviour of T. bancanus and T. syrichta are known, but that of T. spectrum has not been reported until recently. The aim of this research was to study the sexual behaviour of T. spectrum in captivity. We observed 3 pairs of T. spectrum at the captive breeding facility of the IPB Primate Research Centre for 9 months using focal animal sampling. We showed that principal courtship behaviours were scent marking (36.7%) and genital marking for females (16.2%) and genital inspection for males (16.0%). Copulations lasted between 3 and 4 min, starting with the male mounting the female and thrusting quickly as many as 168–236 times followed by slow thrusting 9–20 times. When slow thrusting occurred, females vocalized up to 6 times. At the end of the copulation sequence, males remained motionless with their penis inserted within the female’s genitalia for about 31 s. Copulation occurred only once for each pair during the observation period. Our results should be useful to support breeding programmes and conservation actions for tarsiers.
Penentuan status reproduksi pada satwa liar atau satwa yang ditangkarkan merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dalam manajemen pengembangbiakan satwa. Evaluasi metabolit hormon estrogen dan progesteron secara non-invasive dari sampel feses untuk memonitor fungsi reproduksi telah dilakukan sejak lama pada beberapa spesies mamalia. Validasi asai pada Tarsius belum pernah dilaporkan sehingga validasi asai merupakan hal yang sangat penting sebelum digunakan dalam studi karena metabolit steroid bersifat spesifik spesies. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan validasi analitik kit enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) komersial untuk menganalisis metabolit hormon estrogen dan progesteron pada feses T. spectrum. Uji paralelisme dilakukan pada asai DRG® estradiol (E2), estron (E1), dan progesteron (P4) dengan pengenceran bertingkat (1:2–1:128) ekstrak feses dari beberapa status reproduksi yang berbeda pada Tarsius yang dibandingkan dengan kurva standar dari masing-masing asai. Hasil uji paralelisme terhadap kit DRG® estron menunjukkan hasil yang tidak paralel. Dari uji paralelisme DRG® estradiol dan progesteron, didapatkan hasil kurva sampel dengan standar yang tidak konsisten. Hanya ditemukan satu dari lima kurva sampel yang diuji yang paralel dengan kurva standar asai DRG® estrogen dan progesteron. Berdasarkan hasil tes paralelisme tersebut, kit komersial ELISA DRG® estron, estradiol, dan progesteron tidak dapat digunakan untuk mengukur metabolit estrogen dan progesteron pada feses T. spectrum.
The community service at Universitas Airlangga in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan aims to increase the capacity of field officers of Pulang Pisau's Agricultural Service regarding artificial insemination and livestock health management. The method used in achieving these goals is through socialization and training on artificial insemination and handling livestock health. These activities include: counseling and training on artificial insemination techniques and the handling of reproductive disorders and disease management in beef cattle. The results of the community service evaluation show that in general the knowledge of the community service participants has increased compared to before this activity was carried out. This can be seen from the results of the questionnaires that have been filled out by the participants. The number of participants who knew about the types of livestock reproductive disorders and good AI techniques increased from 66.7% to 90.5%. Likewise, the knowledge of participants about the types of animal health disorders and how to properly handle them before the activity was 71.4% and after the activity increased to 95.2%. Key words: field officers, animal health, artificial insemination, Pulang Pisau Regency DAFTAR PUSTAKA Arianti, N., Inggriati, N.W.T., Sarini N.P. (2020). Hubungan antara Karakteristik Inseminator dengan Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan pada Ternak Sapi di Kabupaten Tabanan. Peternakan Tropika, 8: 1-15. Arisandi, R. (2017). Evaluasi Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan di Kecamatan Tombolopao Kabupaten Gowa. [Skripsi]. Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar. Dharmayudha, A.A.G.O., Anthara, M.S., Sukada, I.M., Ardana, I.B.K. (2019). Pelayanan Kesehatan dan Pemberantasan Penyakit Ternak Sapi Bali dalam Mendukung Program Swasembada Daging Sapi di Desa Buruan Blahbatuh Gianyar. Buletin Udayana Mengabdi, 18: 95-98. Badan Pusat Statistik Dinas Pertanian dan Peternakan Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. (2018). https://kalteng.bps.go.id/ [diakses pada 24 Februari 2021]. Herawati, T., Anggraeni, A., Praharani, L., Utami, D., Argiris, A. (2012). Peran Inseminator dalam Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan pada Sapi Perah. Informatika Pertanian, 21: 81-88. Labetubun, J., Parera, F., Saiya, S. (2014). Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Inseminasi Buatan pada Sapi Bali di Kabupaten Halmahera Utara. Agrinimal Vol. 4 No. 1 : 22-27.
The wild population of spectral tarsier is declining and attempts to breed the species in captivity have been of limited success. One possible reason for this is that information on the reproductive biology of Tarsius tarsier is extremely limited and data on the species reproductive physiology are completely lacking. We validated fecal estrogen (E-total) and progesterone metabolite (5-P-3OH) measurements for monitoring female ovarian activity and pregnancy. We used this approach to provide the first data on cycle and pregnancy length based on endocrine information in this species. We collected regular fecal samples in combination with observations on socio-sexual behaviors for a maximum of 15 months from three females maintained at Primate Research Center of Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia. Hormonal profiles indicated that behavioral estrus was associated with marked elevations in fecal E-total concentrations followed by increases in 5-P-3OH levels indicating luteal function. Pregnancy was characterized by low levels of E-total and 5-P-3OH during the first month and markedly rising concentrations thereafter. An ovarian cycle length of 21.7 ± 5.7 days was found. Gestation length was 128d (live infant), 131d (stillbirth), and 164d (death of mother and infant due to dystocia). Despite the small sample size, the study demonstrates the overall validity of fecal sex hormone metabolite measurements for reproductive monitoring in female T. tarsier, as such, the methods described here may ultimately help to improve the breeding management of the species in captivity. They may also offer new opportunities for investigating basic questions of tarsier reproductive biology in the wild by using fecal hormone metabolite analysis to diagnose pregnant animals and determine reproductive rates in relation to ecological and other factors influencing tarsier reproduction. Thus, non-invasive assessment of female reproductive condition as described here may ultimately contribute to facilitate in and ex situ conservation efforts of this endangered primate species.
The Community Service carried out in Pulang Pisau Regency in 2022 aims to help increase the livestock population. This activity was conducted in July - August 2022, through the preparation stage, the implementation of activities consisting of counselling and field activities, as well as evaluation activities with participants filling out questionnaires. The material presented was FMD and its handling, production duck and ruminant rations, as well as cattle management and increasing livestock production. Based on the questionnaire results, in general, it was found that participants knowledge and understanding of the materials presented were increased.
Community service of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Airlangga aimed to overcome problems related to the continuous supply of animal feed. This implementation of community service activities in collaboration with Pupus Village, Lembeyan District, Magetan Regency. The activities started from preparation to implementation in July – September 2021. This program introduces the use of agricultural waste and secondary crops for the manufacture of haylage feed and the manufacture of Temulawak Molasses Block (TMB) to increase the productivity of beef cattle and also as an effort to increase the income and prosperity of farmers. The method used to achieve the output target is through coaching and evaluation. Based on the results of the posttest, it shows an increase in the understanding of farmers about 80% regarding the manufacture of animal feed using the haylage and TMB techniques as a way to provide sustainable animal feed.Keywords: haylage, TMB, beef cattle, meat self-sufficiency, agriculture productivityAbstrakPengabdian kepada Masyarakat Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga bertujuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang berhubungan dengan penyediaan pakan ternak secara kontinu. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bekerja sama dengan Desa Pupus, Kecamatan Lembeyan, Kabupaten Magetan. Kegiatan dimulai dari persiapan sampai dengan pelaksanaan pada bulan Juli – September 2021. Program ini memperkenalkan pemanfaatan limbah pertanian dan palawija untuk pembuatan pakan haylage dan pembuatan Temulawak Molases Blok (TMB) untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ternak sapi potong dan juga sebagai upaya meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan para peternak. Metode yang digunakan untuk dapat mencapai target luaran tersebut adalah melalui yaitu pembinaan dan evaluasi. Berdasarkan hasil post-test menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman peternak sebesar 80% terkait pembuatan pakan ternak dengan teknik haylage dan TMB sebagai salah satu cara untuk menyediakan pakan ternak berkelanjutan.Kata kunci: haylage, TMB, ternak sapi potong, swasembada daging, agriculture productivity
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