Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menerapkan metode demonstrasi berbantu media animasi Software PhET dalam membelajarkan materi listrik dinamis, menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan metode demonstrasi berbantu media animasi Software PhETterhadap hasil belajar siswa dan mengetahui efektifitas penerapan metode demonstrasi berbantu media animasi Software PhET dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi listrik dinamis. Metode penelitian ini yaitu metode eksperimen dengan bentuk penelitian Quasi Experimental Design (eksperimen semu) dan bentuk desain Nonequivalent Group Posttest-Only. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Pontianak tahun ajaran 2013/2014 yang terdiri dari tujuh kelas. Dari tujuh kelas ini diambil dua kelas sebagai sampel teknik cluster random sampiling. Sehingga diperoleh kelas eksperimen yaitu kelas XF, kelas yang diajarkan menggunakan metode demonstrasi berbantu media animasi Software PhET dan kelas kontrol yaitu kelas XA, kelas yang diajarkan menggunakan metode konvensional. Penelitian ini dimulai dari uji coba instrumen dan pengambilan data, analisis uji instrumen dan analisis data serta uji hipotesis menggunakan U-Mann Whitney karena kedua data tidak berdistribusi normal. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui besar efektifitas penerapan metode demontrasi berbantu media animasi Software PhET dengan menggunakan rumus effect size. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh rata–rata posttest pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 72,72 sedangkan rata–rata posttest pada kelas kontrol sebesar 54,89. Hasil uji hipotesis menggunakan U-Mann Whitney diperoleh Zhitung = -3,198 untuk α=5% diperoleh Ztabel sebesar -1,64 dengan demikian Zhitung<Ztabelatau -3,198 <-1,64, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan metode demonstrasi berbantu media animasi Software PhET lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan metode konvensional. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh Effect Size sebesar 0,8 maka dapat disimpulkan efektivitas penerapan metode demonstrasi berbantu media animasi Software PhET dalam materi listrik dinamis kelas X Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 pontianak tergolong sedang.
In order to optimize the role and function of Teacher Guidance and Counseling in schools, it is necessary to socialize the understanding and understanding of several policies that contain the role and function of the Guidance and Counseling / Counselor Teachers to the school components and abort the assumption that the Guidance and Counseling teachers only help to solve the problematic counselees and also some Guidance and Counseling Teachers / Counselors who have not understand abouth her/his the role and function. In order to optimize the role and function of Guidance and Counseling / Counselor Teachers; there are several things that must be done such as; 1. to enrichment the role; 2. have to show the professionalism well; 3. help the students to choose and to establish the ‘interest and idea”mprefessionally; 4. having a high commitment in effort to improve their qualifications and abilities to achieve the specified professional standards.
ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang pemanfaatan membran kitosan sebagai sensor deteksi logam berat berdasarkan sifat optic belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian ini melaporkan kajian tentang sintesis membrane kitosan untuk diaplikasikan sebagai sensor deteksi logam berat berdasarkan sifat optic. Sebagai laporan awal, pada artikel ini baru akan dilaporkan kajian sintesis membrane kitosan dari serbuk kitosan hasil preparasi dari cangkang kepiting dan karakterisasinya. Penelitian awal ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis membrane kitosan dari serbuk kitosan dan karakterisasinya. Serbuk kitosan dipreparasi dari cangkang kepiting melalui proses deproteinasi, demineralisasi dan deasetilasi. Membran kitosan dibuat dari kitosan dengan penambahan agen crosslingking berupa glutaraldehida. Kitosan dikarakterisasi meliputi uji kadar air, kadar abu, kadar nitrogen, viskositas, derajat deasetilasi, analisis gugus fungsi dengan spektroskopi IR dan kristalinitas dengan difraksi sinar X. Membran kitosan dilakukan karakterisasi penampilan fisik, analisis gugus fungsi dan kristalinitas. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah 1). Kitosan dapat dipreparasi dari limbah cangkang kepiting melalui proses deproteinasi, demineralisasi, dan deasetilasi., 2). Membran kitosan dapat disintesis dari serbuk kitosan dengan menggunakan agen crosslinking glurataldehida., 3). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi kitosan yang digunakan untuk membuat membran, maka membran yang dihasilkan akan menunjukkan warna yang pekat dan kurang transparan, 4). Struktur kimia kitosan dalam bentuk membran kitosan tidak mengalami perubahan tetapi kristalinitasnya berubah.Kata kunci : membrane kitosan, karakterisasi, sensor deteksi, logam berat SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN MEMBRANES FOR APPLICATION AS A HEAVY METAL DETECTION SENSOR ABSTRACTResearch on the utilization of chitosan membrane as a heavy metal detection sensor based on optical properties has not been reported. This study reported a study on the synthesis of chitosan membranes for application as a heavy metal detection sensor based on optical properties. As reported earlier, in this new article will be reported chitosan membrane synthesis study of the preparation of chitosan powder from crabs shells and characterization. This initial study aims to synthesize membrane of chitosan powder and chitosan characterization. Chitosan powder prepared from the shells of crabs through deproteination, demineralization and deacetylation processes. Chitosan membranes made from chitosan with the addition of glutaraldehyde as crosslingking agent. Chitosan is characterized include testing the water content, ash content, nitrogen content, viscosity,
This study aims to determine the validity, practicality and effectiveness of designing and making Android-based learning media applications in the subject of Creative Products and Entrepreneurship for Class XII TKJ 2 at SMK Negeri 8 Padang Odd Semester, Academic Year 2020/2021. This study uses a research development method (research & Development). The research subjects were 35 people. The research model used is the development research model (ADDIE model), with the design of the development steps as follows. (1) Analyze, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation and (5) Evaluate. The results of the validity test by the experts as a whole validator test assessment of Android-Based Learning Media Applications in the subject of Creative Products and Entrepreneurship Class XII TKJ 2 SMKN 8 Padang amounting to Odd Semester 82.20%, so that the level of validity can be interpreted as valid to use. The results of the overall practicality test assessment of the practicality of Android-Based Learning Media Applications in the subject of Creative Products and Entrepreneurship Class XII TKJ 2 SMKN 8 Padang Odd Semester is 90.79%, so that the level of practicality can be interpreted as Very Practical to use. The results of the overall effectiveness test assessment of the effectiveness of the Android-Based Learning Media Application in the subject of Creative Products and Entrepreneurship Class XII TKJ 2 SMKN 8 Padang Odd Semester is 84.91%, so that the level of effectivenesscan be interpreted Effectively used. In conclusion, based on the assessment and expert input and the results of the field trial of the Android-Based Learning Media Application as a learning medium, it has been tested for feasibility, excellence, and can be used in the learning process in Creative Products and Entrepreneurship subjects in class XII TKJ 2 SMKN 8 Padang.
AbstrakTelah dilakukan penelitian pelapisan komposit nanosized Chitosan/TiO 2 pada permukaan kain katun dan uji kinerja fotodegradasinya terhadap zat warna Rhodamine B. Pelapisan komposit nanosized Chitosan/TiO 2 ke permukaan kain katun menggunakan metode dip-coating dengan teknik pad-dry-cure. Kain katun yang telah terlapisi komposit nanosized Chitosan/TiO 2 dikarakterisasi dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Kain terlapisi komposit nanosized Chitosan/TiO 2 dilakukan uji fotodegradasi terhadap Rhodamine B dibawah paparan sinar UV dan sinar matahari. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kain katun terlapisi komposit nanosized Chitosan/TiO 2 dapat mendegradasi zat warna Rhodamine B di mana dengan penyinaran sinar UV lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan sinar matahari. AbstractThe coating of nanosized Chitosan/TiO 2 composit on cotton fabrics substrate and its performance for dye of Rhodamine B was studied. Nanosized Chitosan/TiO 2 composit coated on cotton fabrics was done by dip-coating method through pad-dry-cure technic. Cotton fabric thats was coated by nanosized Chitosan/TiO 2 composit was characterized by SEM, XRD, and FTIR. Photodegradation Performance test of cotton fabric coated Nanosized Chitosan/TiO 2 composit for dye of Rhodamine B was done under UV ray and sun ray. It was concluded that was cotton fabric coated nanosized Chitosan/TiO 2 can decompose dye of Rhodamine B with UV ray more effective than sun ray.
ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk Mengetahui pengaruh penambahan Ni terhadap nilai keasaman, dan Mengetahui kombinasi terbaik katalis dari nikel dan zeolit yang teraktivasi asam sebagai catalitic cracking pada proses pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak biji ketapang. Zeolit diaktivasi dengan menggunakan HCl 4 M. Pembuatan katalis Ni/Zeolit dengan merendam katalis zeolit ke dalam larutan Ni(NO3)2.6H2O dengan variasi konsentrasi 0 %, 5%, dan 10%.Karakterisasi ter-hadap katalis meliputi : XRD,SEM dan FTIR.Hasil Penelitian, data keasaman katalis di-peroleh bahwa penambahan logam Ni semakin meningkatkan nilai keasaman katalis. kombinasi Ni/Zeolit dengan kombinasi terbaikadalah pada 5% Ni/Zeolit. Kata kunci : biodisel, Ni/Zeolit, biji ketapang ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research are to know the effect of addition Ni on the acidity value of Ni/zeolite catalyst and to know the best combination nickel and Zeolit activated by acid as a catalyst of the cracking process during synthesis biodiesel from ketapang seed oil. The Ni/Zeolite catalysts were prepared by immersing the zeolite activated by HCl 4 M into Ni(NO3)2 solution with concentration variation of 0%, 5%, and 10%. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM and FTIR. The results showed that the more Ni the more acidity value of the catalyst. The best quality of biodiesel was synthesized using combination catalysts of 5% Ni/Zeolite activated by acid.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis hubungan kuantitatif antara struktur dan aktivitas analgesik senyawa turunan meperidin dan menentukan persamaan Hansch antara senyawa turunan meperidin dengan aktivitas analgesiknya. Penelitian dilakukan melalui perhitungan komputer (in silico) dengan menggunakan metode semiempiris AM1. Tahap pertama yaitu melakukan pemodelan molekul senyawa turunan meperidin, kemudian melakukan proses optimasi geometri. Langkah kedua yaitu melakukan pencarian nilai deskriptor yang berupa deskriptor elektronik, sterik, dan hidrofobik. Tahap terakhir dilakukan analisis statistik menggunakan regresi berganda model Backward. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas analgesik dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh variasi deskriptor, terutama deskriptor elektronik yang memiliki pengaruh lebih dominan daripada deskriptor sterik dan hidrofobik. Deskriptor yang paling berpengaruh adalah muatan pada atom N, karena atom N merupakan komponen penting dalam senyawa analgesik. Kata kunci: turunan Meperidin, aktivitas analgesik, deskriptor elektronik, persamaan Hansch ABSTRACTThis research aims were to analize a quantitative relationship between the structure and analgesic activity of meperidine derivatives and to determine the Hansch equation between meperidine derivatives and their analgesic activity. The study was done by computer calculation (in sillico) using semiempirical method of AM1. The first stage was molecules modelling of meperidine derivative compounds, followed with performing the process of geometric optimization. The second step was to determine the descriptor value in the form of electronic, steric, and hydrophobic descriptors. The last stage was done by statistics analysis using multiple regressions with backward model. The results showed that analgesic activity was significantly influenced by variation of descriptors, especially electronic descriptor which has more dominant influence than steric and hydrophobic descriptors. The most influential descriptor is the charge on N atoms, since N atoms are an important component in analgesic compounds.
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