Abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, heavy metals, and high or low temperature are major constraints to crop production by being detrimental to the physical, metabolic, and growth development of plants [1]. Plants are often subjected to multiple stresses which are aggravated by climatic changes, use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and environmental pollution. This situation is more alarming with the increase in world population which is expected to reach around 10 billion by 2050 [2]. There is an urgent need to increase food production by 70% to meet the demand [2]. It is also imperative to find ways to implement new agricultural strategies to protect crops from these multiple abiotic stressors [3].Currently, there are several approaches that enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress. These include waterconserving irrigation strategies, traditional methods of breeding, and genetic engineering of transgenic plants with abiotic stress tolerance [4]. Plant growth-promoting rhizosphere microorganisms are also now being widely used for restoring soil fertility, remediation of chemical pollutants and to sustain plant growth [5]. They are a proven, effective alternative to conventional methods and a promising strategy for mitigating abiotic stresses. The use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms is a simple alternative approach to genetic engineering and breeding methods for crop improvement since these procedures are time-consuming, expensive, and laborious [6]. These microorganisms improve the root and shoot growth, thus enhancing the water and nutrient absorption from soil [7]. Different types of plant metabolites, such as HCN, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) [8], antibiotics, e.g., phenazine [9], and volatile compounds [10] help to enhance plant growth [11][12][13]. Exopolysaccharides, are produced by an array of microorganisms like bacteria, cyanobacteria, microalgae, yeasts, and fungi [14]. These exopolysaccharides impart defense against a wide range of environmental stresses like drought [15], metals [16], salt [17], and temperature [18]. Additionally, EPS facilitate microbe-microbe and microbe-plant interaction, provide antioxidants, store carbon, and supply nutrients to support plant growth [6,19]. Diverse bacterial species like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Azotobacter, Paenibacillus, Klebsiella, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas spp. produce EPS and play an important role in sustaining plant growth in abiotic stress environments [20]. The root microbiome, specifically rhizospheric microbes produce phytohormones, 1-aminociclopropane-1-carboxylase (ACC) deaminase, and EPS to sustain Various abiotic stressors like drought, salinity, temperature, and heavy metals are major environmental stresses that affect agricultural productivity and crop yields all over the world. Continuous changes in climatic conditions put selective pressure on the microbial ecosystem to produce exopolysaccharides. Apart from soil aggregation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production also helps i...

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The ocean covers two‐third of our planet and has great biological heterogeneity. Marine organisms like algae, vertebrates, invertebrates, and microbes are known to provide many natural products with biological activities as well as potential sources of biomaterials for therapeutic, biomedical, biosensors, and climate stabilization. Over the years, the field of biosensors has gained huge attention due to their extraordinary ability to provide early disease diagnosis, rapid detection of various molecules and substances along with long‐term monitoring. This review aims to focus on the properties and employment of various biomaterials (carbohydrate polymers, proteins, polyacids, etc.) of marine origins such as alginate, chitin, chitosan, fucoidan, carrageenan, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, collagen, marine pigments, marine nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite, biosilica, lectins, and marine whole cell in the design and development of biosensors. Furthermore, this review also covers the source of such marine biomaterials and their promising evolution in the fabrication of biosensors that are potent to be employed in the biomedical, environmental science, and agricultural sciences domains. The use of such fabricated biosensors harnesses the system with excellent specificity, selectivity, biocompatibility, thermal stability, and minimal cost advantages.