Characterization of Bipolaris maydis isolates of different maize (Zea mays) cropping zones of India

Pal, Ishar; Singh, V. P.; Gogoi, Robin; Hooda, K. S.; Bedi, Namita

doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.24187.21281

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Isolates of B. maydis from different hotspots across six maize production zones of India showed mainly Type-I, -II, and -III symptoms (Table 2; Figure 2C). Therefore, elongated, necrotic lesions were the typical symptoms caused by B. maydis, as reported in previous studies [3,28]. Although the association of B. zeicola (synonym B. carbonum) in healthy maize seeds [32] and on healthy rice leaves [33] in India were noted earlier, the reports lacked pathogenicity data of the respective organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Previous investigations on the characterization of maize pathogens from MLB disease prone maize production zones indicated the presence of the disease caused by B. maydis in all the maize production zones, especially in Kharif maize [3,28]. C. papendorfii and B. zeicola were characterized by Godhra and Mandya hotspots which were in the plateau and hill region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pantnagar, Bajaura, Kangra, Patelnagar, Ludhiana, Pichola, Banswara, Kota, Chittorgarh, Dungarpur, Amberi, Karnal, Dholi, Samastipur, Godhra, Anand, Sukheri, Lakhawali, Mandya, and Mysore for phylogenetic analysis (Table 1). Isolates were examined for typical characteristics of B. maydis which is the prevalent species infecting maize in India, as reported by earlier workers [23,[26][27][28]. Variability in colony growth (slow, medium, or fast), color (light grey, dark grey, light black, or black), texture (rough raised, rough appressed, smooth raised, smooth appressed with or without zonation, and regular or irregular margins), conidial dimensions (7.6 µm to 19.3 µm × 3.1 µm to 6.1 µm), pathogenicity (mild to high) and disease severity (30 to 90%) revealed that out of 20 hotspots surveyed, fungal isolates from 14 hotspots (Table 2) showed typical morphological and pathogenic characteristics of Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechs.)…”

Section: Survey Collection and Maintenance Of Fungal Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal Species Causing Maize Leaf Blight in Different Agro-Ecologies in India

et al. 2021

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Foliar diseases of maize cause severe economic losses in India and around the world. The increasing severity of maize leaf blight (MLB) over the past ten years necessitates rigorous identification and characterization of MLB-causing pathogens from different maize production zones to ensure the success of resistance breeding programs and the selection of appropriate disease management strategies. Although Bipolaris maydis is the primary pathogen causing MLB in India, other related genera such as Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum, and a taxonomically distant genus, Alternaria, are known to infect maize in other countries. To investigate the diversity of pathogens associated with MLB in India, 350 symptomatic leaf samples were collected between 2016 and 2018, from 20 MLB hotspots in nine states representing six ecological zones where maize is grown in India. Twenty representative fungal isolates causing MLB symptoms were characterized based on cultural, pathogenic, and molecular variability. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) gene sequence-based phylogenies showed that the majority of isolates (13/20) were Bipolaris maydis. There were also two Curvularia papendorfii isolates, and one isolate each of Bipolaris zeicola, Curvularia siddiquii, Curvularia sporobolicola, an unknown Curvularia sp. isolate phylogenetically close to C. graminicola, and an Alternaria sp. isolate. The B. zeicola, the aforesaid four Curvularia species, and the Alternaria sp. are the first reports of these fungi causing MLB in India. Pathogenicity tests on maize plants showed that isolates identified as Curvularia spp. and Alternaria sp. generally caused more severe MLB symptoms than those identified as Bipolaris spp. The diversity of fungi causing MLB, types of lesions, and variation in disease severity by different isolates described in this study provide baseline information for further investigations on MLB disease distribution, diagnosis, and management in India.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Survey Collection and Maintenance Of Fungal Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal Species Causing Maize Leaf Blight in Different Agro-Ecologies in India

et al. 2021

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“…Similarly, in plant-pathogen interactions, plants need to be sturdy enough to cope with the ever changing pathogen. To test the resistance level of different genotypes, these must be tested against diverse population of the pathogen (Pal et al, 2015). Monitoring and constant surveillance of the pathogen divergence is therefore important in this scenario (Gafur et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, cultural, morphological (Lakshmi, 1984), physiological (Pal et al, 2015) and toxicological (Lixin et al, 2011) based variations were used to document variability of a pathogen. In recent years, molecular tools have also been used in the study of variability.…”

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Genetic variations among the isolates of Bipolaris Maydis based on phenotypic and molecular markers

et al. 2024

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Maydis leaf blight, caused by Bipolaris maydis, is an important disease of maize crop in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan. Fifteen isolates of the pathogen, collected across KP, were studied for variability based on phenotypic and molecular markers. Significant variability among the isolates was observed when assessed using phenotypic traits such as radial growth, spore concentration, fungicide sensitivity and virulence. The isolates were classified into six culture groups based on colour, texture and margins of the colony. Conidial morphology was also variable. These were either straight or slightly curved and light to dark brown in colour. Fungicide test showed significant variation in the degree of sensitivity against Carbendazim. Isolate Bm8 exhibited maximum radial growth on carbendazim spiked plates. Conversely, isolate Bm15 showed the lowest radial growth. Variations in virulence pattern of the isolates were evident when a susceptible maize variety Azam was inoculated with spores of B. maydis. Genetic variability amongst the isolates was also estimated by RAPD as well as sequencing of ITS region. The RAPD dendrogram grouped all the isolates into two major clusters. Average genetic distance ranged from 0.6% to 100%, indicating a diverse genetic gap among the isolates. Maximum genetic distance was found between isolates Bm9 and Bm10 as well as Bm2 and Bm8. Conversely, isolates Bm13 and Bm15 were at minimum genetic distance. Phylogenetic dendrogram based on sequencing of ITS region grouped all the isolates into a single major cluster. The clusters in both the dendrogram neither correlate to the geographical distribution nor to the morphological characteristics.

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Rapid screening for resistance of maize inbred and hybrid lines against southern corn leaf blight

Shukuru,

Archana,

Kangela

2023

Journal of Phytopathology

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Bipolaris is one of the most important phytopathogenic fungal genera to cause disease in cereal crops. Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) is a pandemic and widespread disease; it's found everywhere corn is grown, causing a noticeable reduction in crop yield. Most cultivated varieties of maize do not resist SCLB disease where it is reported. Nevertheless, previous researchers have reported some resistant varieties of maize. In this study, we tested inbred and hybrid lines collected from ICAR‐IIMR based in Ludhiana against the disease. The field experiment was setup using a Randomized Block Design with three replications in natural conditions. Here we evaluated lines by quantifying disease pressure, yield, and their attributes. Moreover, model‐based clustering allowed the identification of five groups. For the SCLB disease confirmation, infected maize leaves were collected and used for pathogen isolation, and a pure culture was maintained. Both disease assessment and data analysis focused more specifically on characters that showed significant differences between means, especially leaf area, percentage of leaf infection, disease incidence, disease severity, disease index by plot basis, number of grain rows formed per ear, weight of maize kernels per ear, each corn ear weight, shelling percentage, and grain yield. The two best clusters identified, namely Group 1 and Group 2, together comprise 11002, 11009, 11026, 11030, 11069, 11149, 11153, 11185, 11328, 11333, 11337, 11347, 11370, 11385, 11074, 11351, 11356, 11357, 11608, and Karav‐8523 lines. As per disease reaction, CM‐500 is individually one of the best lines in terms of SCLB resistance. Specific symptoms were clearly found on leaves, and pseudo‐septate conidia were observed under the microscope. Thus, several lines exhibited highly resistant reactions against SCLB, especially 11002, 11009, 11026, 11069, 11074, 11337, 11347, 11385, and CM‐500, and can still be recommended for farmers and in breeding programmes, for future usefulness as industries are complaining of maize shortages, and they present a great commercial potential.

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Characterization of Bipolaris maydis isolates of different maize (Zea mays) cropping zones of India

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Fungal Species Causing Maize Leaf Blight in Different Agro-Ecologies in India

Fungal Species Causing Maize Leaf Blight in Different Agro-Ecologies in India

Genetic variations among the isolates of Bipolaris Maydis based on phenotypic and molecular markers

Rapid screening for resistance of maize inbred and hybrid lines against southern corn leaf blight

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