Sesame plants were sprayed with different concentrations of boron solution at 20, 30 and 40 ppm at different stages of plant growth (1, 2 and 3 months). Comparing the treated plants with untreated controls, the obtained results showed that spraying sesame plants with boron (B) solutions improves their growth and yields. Treating plants with boron solution at 20 ppm gave the highest results in growth criteria as compared with corresponding control or plants treated with higher boron solutions (30 and 40 ppm). Moisture and oil percentages were nonsignificantly changed by the different boron concentrations. The highest oil viscosity was recorded at a boron concentration of 30 ppm. Fatty acids were decreased by the effect of boron spray. A remarkable increase in the amino acid content of the plants was observed as a result of treatments with boron solutions, especially in the plants treated at 40 ppm. Spraying sesame plants with boron decreased the Fe, K, Mg and P contents, whereas the lowest concentration of boron (20 ppm) increased Ca and the highest concentration (40 ppm) increased Cl and Na.
SUMMARY:The present work aims to improve the quantity and quality of seeds and/or seed oil by using low doses of radiation. Sesame seeds were exposed to γ-rays at levels of 30, 60 and 90 Gy. The results show that 30, 60 and 90 Gy doses activated most of growth and yield parameters significantly (weight of plant, number of capsules, weight of capsules/plant and weight of seeds/plant), with 60 Gy being the best dose. With regard to the total oil percentage in the produced crops, few changes have been observed, which did not reach the level of significance. The amount of unsaturated fatty acid (18:1, omega 9) was increase by 10.5% at a 30 Gy dose followed by 60 Gy (1.1%). The total of amino acid content showed that 30 Gy dose recorded the highest value (350.4 mg·g ). The values of phosphorus, potassium magnesium and iron which represent the major minerals in sesame seeds were increased in the irradiated samples.KEYWORDS: Amino acids; Fatty acid; γ-rays; Minerals; Oil content; Sesame RESUMEN: Influencia de tratamientos con rayos gamma en la presiembra sobre el crecimiento, rendimiento y algunos componentes químicos de Sesamum indicum L. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mejorar la cantidad y la calidad de las semillas y/o aceite de semillas mediante el uso de dosis bajas de radiación. Las semillas de sésamo se expusieron a rayos γ-a niveles de 30, 60 y 90 Gy. Los resultados mostraron que las dosis de 30, 60 y 90 Gy activan significativamente la mayor parte de los parámetros de crecimiento y rendimiento (peso de la planta, número de cápsulas, peso de cápsulas/planta y el peso de semillas/planta), siendo 60 Gy la mejor dosis. Con respecto al porcentaje total de aceite producido en los cultivos, se han observado pequeños cambios, pero no se alcanzó el nivel de significación. La cantidad de ácido graso insaturado (18: 1, omega 9) fue 10,5% que aumentó con dosis de 30 Gy seguido de 60 Gy (1,1%). El contenido total de aminoácidos mostró que dosis de 30 Gy registró el valor más alto (350,4 mg·g ). Los valores de fósforo, magnesio, potasio y hierro, que son los principales minerales en las semillas de sésamo incrementaron en las muestras irradiadas.
To cite this paper: Hamideldin, N., N. Eid Eliwa and O.S. Hussein, 2017. Role of jasmonic acid and gamma radiation in alleviating salt stress in moringa. AbstractThe present investigation studied the effect of two doses of γ-rays (20, 40 Gy) or foliar spraying of jasmonic acid 0.2 and 0.3 µM on moringa plants under salt stress condition (4000 mg/L NaCl). Foliar spray by jasmonic acid especially (0.3 µM) gave the highest peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes activity under normal or stress condition. Gamma rays and jasmonic acid treatments caused changes in activities, the band concentration of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase isozymes and increased amino acid contents. Under salt stress condition, Cl, Fe, K and Na percentage increased significantly and of Ca, Mg and S decreased. The greatest level of K were also observed in samples treated by γ-rays or sprayed by JA under normal or salt stress condition. Gamma irradiation with dose 20 Gy and spraying with jasmonic acid (0.3 µM) increased moringa resistance to salt stress during growth under 4000 mg/L level of salt stress.
The effect of depolymerized form of sodium alginate, produced by irradiating it by 60 Co gamma rays, studied on two varieties of Solanum tuberosum L. (Bern and Kara) with regard to growth attribute, physiological and biochemical parameters. The study revealed that the irradiated sodium alginate (ISA) applied as foliar sprays with concentration 0.3% had a stimulatory effect on specific morphological parameters and led to increase in plant yield significantly. The total soluble solids (TSS) in treated samples of Bern and Kara varieties before and after storage slightly increase but not reached the level of significance except in Bern variety that remain stable after storage. Significant changes in total phenol concentrations before and after storagecomparing with untreated control samples, except Kara before storage.In addition, there is a significant change in starch content. The changes in elements concentration of potato tubers that produced from plants sprayed by ISA solution indicate that calcium, chlorine, ferrous and magnesium too declined to undetect in magnesium element of Bern variety. Nevertheless, in variety Kara sodium element instead of ferrous decreased. However, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus were increased.
EEDS of Moringa oleifera plant were exposed to different gamma irradiation doses; 0, 20, 40 and 60Gy. Effects of gamma irradiation on a number of vegetative, physiological and molecular characters were studied. The vegetative characters were studied for two seasons, the highest values for the studied characters were often observed at the dose of 40Gy (8 characters) then at the dose of 60Gy (4 characters). The physiological characters studied were total phenolic compounds contents, amino acid contents and antioxidant enzymes activity. Total phenols contents showed a significant increase in all used doses compared with the control. Amino acids content was affected widely by gamma doses, especially with 20 and 40Gy.The effect of gamma irradiation on the activity of five antioxidant enzymes (catalase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) was studied. Isozymes electrophoresis was carried out for two isozymes (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase). New bands were detected which can be used as markers for gamma irradiation.
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