EEDS of Moringa oleifera plant were exposed to different gamma irradiation doses; 0, 20, 40 and 60Gy. Effects of gamma irradiation on a number of vegetative, physiological and molecular characters were studied. The vegetative characters were studied for two seasons, the highest values for the studied characters were often observed at the dose of 40Gy (8 characters) then at the dose of 60Gy (4 characters). The physiological characters studied were total phenolic compounds contents, amino acid contents and antioxidant enzymes activity. Total phenols contents showed a significant increase in all used doses compared with the control. Amino acids content was affected widely by gamma doses, especially with 20 and 40Gy.The effect of gamma irradiation on the activity of five antioxidant enzymes (catalase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) was studied. Isozymes electrophoresis was carried out for two isozymes (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase). New bands were detected which can be used as markers for gamma irradiation.
Pre-sowing treatment of Moringa oleifera seeds by gamma radiation doses (0, 20, 40 and 60, Gy) to study the changes in yield characters. The yielded seeds phytochemical constituents were detected by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Also, the antioxidant compound (phenols and flavonoids) using Spectrophotometer and changes in DNA were detected using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs). Genomic template stability percentage (GTS %) of DNA were calculated. Significant increases were observed in yield characters under gamma irradiation, also there were changes in the yielded seeds phytochemical constituents, phenol and flavonoid content significantly increased under irradiation comparing to the control (0Gy). Some unique bands as a result of gamma irradiation were detected using (ISSRs). The irradiation treatments 20Gy, 40Gy and 60Gy revealed changes in the number of amplified DNA bands comparing to the control. The changes reflected by the appearance of new bands and disappearance of bands, the lowest GTS (42.86%) recorded with 60Gy treatment, while the highest GTS (55.84%) recorded with 20 Gy treatment. Pre-sowing irradiation for seeds of the medicinal plant Moringa oleifera by gamma rays increase the yield of moringa tree also induced changes in seeds phytochemical constituents and increasing the antioxidant compounds (phenols and flavonoids). Alternations in DNA induced by gamma irradiation can be detected by ISSRs molecular marker.
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