Polymorphism in genes encoding cytokines and proteins involved in lipid metabolism can provide insights into the genetics of the disease and may contribute to assess the associated risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome (MetS) associated with PCOS.
Direct shoot regeneration was established from leaf, petiole and nodal explants from in vitro and field grown plants of Solanum nigrum on Murashige and Skoog (MS), and Gamborg's (B5) media containing different levels of plant growth regulator, Thidiazuron (TDZ). Comparison of the individual effect of basal media, levels of TDZ, explant type or source of explants on shoot regeneration was tested. Percent shoot regeneration from leaf explant was highest (86.66%) followed by in vitro source of explant (83.65%), B5 basal medium (83.20%) or 2.27 µM TDZ (73.70%) after 60 days of initial culture. The number of shoots was highest (35.10) with 9.13 cm longest shoot at 2.27 µM TDZ. There was a little correlation between predictors and dependent variables was found; whereas, GLM analysis demonstrated significant correlation between the factors. In vitro shoots were transferred to a half-strength MS medium containing different concentrations of NAA or IBA in MS or B5 medium. MS medium produced 100% roots supplemented with 0.5 µM NAA after 28 days. However, stout and hardy rooted shoots were obtained at 0.5 µ IBA with 10.19 mean number and 5.57 cm long roots. Rooted shoots were shifted to ex vitro conditions in polyethylene-cups filled with peat moss: sand: garden soil (1:1:1) with 85.50% survival with true-totype morphology under the natural conditions. The present investigation demonstrated that TDZ may be used for high frequency direct shoot regeneration from leaf explants of S. nigrum on B5 basal medium. This protocol may be useful for subsequent high yielding metabolites producing plants.
Anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the most prevalent psychiatric conditions and significant public health problems. However, research has tended to support claims that engaging in physical activity (PA) has beneficial psychological effects. The objective of this review is to examine exercise and PA therapies as a kind of PTSD and anxiety treatment. Exercise has been shown in interventional trials to be both anxiolytic and antidepressive in healthy individuals. Exercise and PA therapies have a variety of benefits and varying degrees of efficacy in treating PTSD and anxiety symptoms. PA has been shown to promote physical health; psychological health and a growing body of studies indicate that PA and general health are associated with PTSD and anxiety. These findings led to recommendations for exercise interventions as a safe, efficient, and effective therapeutic option for treating anxiety and PTSD symptoms. Studies have not, however, demonstrated that they can lower anxiety to the same degree as psychotropic drugs. Additionally, the majority of published studies have significant methodological flaws, necessitating the need for additional research to determine the ideal exercise modalities, frequency, duration, and intensity for enhancing the beneficial benefits of exercise on anxiety and PTSD.
Background:
Ovulatory PCOS (OPCOS) is the mildest form of the polycystic ovarian syndrome
among all four determined phenotypes. Though the females with OPCOS are ovulating, hyperandrogenism
and polycystic ovarian morphology increase the susceptibility of cardiovascular diseases,
insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome in these females.
Objectives:
The aim of the study was to identify the significance associated with OPCOS phenotype
through serum proteomic profiling of OPCOS females and normal age-matched healthy ovulating females.
Methods:
One and two-dimensional gel-based proteomic approaches were adopted to fractionate the
complex serum proteome. Differential protein profiles generated were analyzed with PD-QUEST
Software. Protein spots differing in intensity by >2-fold were selected and identified further by
MALDI-TOF MS. Validation of identified protein was carried out by Biolayer Interferometry.
Results:
One and two-dimensional gel profiles revealed a differential expression pattern of proteins. 10
selected spots were identified as GMP synthase [glutamine hydrolyzing], zinc finger protein 518A,
pericentriolar material 1 protein, BCLAF1 and THRAP3 family member 3, MAP/microtubule affinityregulating
kinase 4, H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunit 1, Melanoma-associated antigen B3
and Zinc finger protein 658B. Expression of MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4)
was found to be downregulated in OPCOS females as compared to controls on validation.
Conclusion:
Reduced expression of MARK4 protein in OPCOS increases the associated risk of hyperlipidemia,
hyperandrogenism and metabolic syndrome, thus the protein holds strong candidature as a
drug target for the syndrome.
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