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Malaysia nowadays like all developing countries is facing an increase in the generation of municipal solid waste and the wastes are disposing at the landfill site. Poorly managed landfill creates emission of harmful gases to the environment and threatens public health. Methane and carbon dioxide are the major landfill gases that have been released to the environment. The main objectives of this study are to identify the compositions landfill gases and check their concentration before obtain human health risk assessment of the landfill. The gas collected at the landfill site was analyzed by using two methods of gas chromatography which are InHouse Method (GC-MSD) and In-House Method-TPH (GS-MSD) in order to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) gases. From the study, out of 37 components of landfill gases, 2-methylpentane and benzene have the highest concentration with 5337 mg/m 3 and 1191.5 mg/m 3 ,respectively. Comparison of exposure concentration with NIOSH standards shows that 1,1-dichloroethene, methylene chloride (DCM), 2-nitropropane, trichloroethane (vinyl chloride), 1,3-dichloropropane, and trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene are carcinogen. The knowledge of these concentrations is necessary to formulate air pollution control strategies and to avoid undesirable health impact due to exposure of VOCs gases at landfill.

The polyethylene-thermoplastic (PE/TPS) based film was introduced many years ago, but the compatibility of PE/TPS still an issue because synthetic compatibilizer has a safety drawback. In this work, aloe vera (AV) was introduced as a compatibilizer to enhance stress and characteristics of PE/TPS film. This paper determines the optimum PE/TPS/AV film formulation using full factorial design (FFD) analysis. Melt blending and hot-press techniques were used to prepare the film. Four selected PE/TPS/AV samples were chosen to discuss mechanical properties, functional groups, thermal degradation, and thermal properties changes. Based on FFD, PE was the most significant material that caused substantial changes in the film's mechanical properties. Concurrently, the interaction between PE/TPS and TPS/AV significantly influenced the value of the secant modulus. The addition of AV into TPS improved the stress and reduced the strain. New peaks are present in TPS/AV that share the same functional group with PE. Thus, improving the stress of the film. The presence of AV caused peaks 2916 cm -1 and 2849 cm -1 of TPS to strengthen at once; the thermal degradation increases tremendously from 282 °C to 354.70 °C. The melting temperature showed a reduction when TPS/AV was added into PE, but the crystallization temperature did not significantly change. However, significant changes occurred for crystallization enthalpy when TPS/AV was incorporated in PE at once, affecting the degree of crystallinity. In conclusion, AV was suggested to act as a compatibilizer/crosslinker or plasticizer to improve PE film packaging properties.

Sistem latihan keselamatan berasaskan komputer atau SLK telah dibangunkan bagi industri semikonduktor dengan menggunakan web sebagai platform. Sistem ini mempunyai dua bahagian utama, iaitu modul teori keselamatan dan senario pencegahan kemalangan. Kajian dijalankan di industri semikonduktor mendapati 86.7% di kalangan responden telah berjaya meningkatkan tahap kesedaran dan kefahaman mereka terhadap aspek keselamatan di tempat kerja setelah mempelajari sistem SLK. Peningkatan tersebut adalah di antara 8% sehingga 46%. Kajian ini mendapati sistem SLK merupakan satu kaedah yang praktikal bagi industri semikonduktor yang dikaji dan ia juga telah berjaya meningkatkan tahap kesedaran terhadap prosedur keselamatan serta kefahaman tentang amalan kerja selamat. Kata kunci: Sistem pengurusan latihan keselamatan; industri semikonduktor; sistem latihan keselamatan berdasarkan komputer; persepsi keselamatan A computer–based safety training (CBT) for semiconductor industry using web as the platform was developed. The CBT system is called Sistem Latihan Keselamatan Berasaskan Komputer (SLK). The CBT system has two main sections which are safety theory modules and accident prevention scenarios. The survey conducted in semiconductor industry concluded that 86.7% of the respondents have successfully increased their safety awareness and understanding towards safety at workplace after studying the SLK system. The highest increment is about 46 % and the lowest is about 8%. SLK system was found to be a practical tool in the selected semiconductor industry and has successfully increased the awareness of safety procedures as well as the understanding of good working practices. Key words: Safety training management system; semiconductor industry; computer–based safety training system; safety perception

The purpose of this study is to investigate the antioxidant properties and total phenolic content in local fruit wastes. Watermelon rinds, mango and banana peels were selected in the experiment. Two parameters involved were the extraction time and temperature. All samples had undergone drying process in an oven at 40°C for 24 hours before being extracted with 80%, v/v methanol on a hot plate together with magnetic stirrer. The extraction time was ranged from 20 to 40 minutes and the extraction temperature was from 30 to 60°C. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were used for antioxidant analysis and phenolic content determination, respectively. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to detect the antioxidant activity at 593 nm and 765 nm for phenolic content. Response Surface Method was used to find the best extraction condition. The best extraction conditions were found at extraction temperature and time of 58.93°C and 37.86 minutes, respectively.

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