Língua azul (LA) é uma doença causada pelo vírus da língua azul (VLA) e transmitida por vetores do gênero Culicoides. Estudos sorológicos têm demonstrado a ampla presença do vírus no Brasil; entretanto, informações clínicas da LA na América do Sul são limitadas. Esse trabalho descreve alterações clínico-patológicas em ovinos acometidos pela LA no Sul do Brasil. Em dois surtos, em propriedades distintas, 15 ovinos apresentaram como principais sinais clínicos hipertermia, apatia, aumento de volume da face e região submandibular, dificuldade de deglutição com regurgitação, secreção nasal mucopurulenta esverdeada, alterações respiratórias, além de acentuada perda de peso e erosões na mucosa oral. Os achados de necropsia em seis ovinos afetados incluíram edema subcutâneo na face e região ventral do tórax, secreção nasal esverdeada, esôfago dilatado preenchido por grande quantidade de conteúdo alimentar, pulmões não colabados com áreas consolidadas anteroventrais, bem como luz da traquéia e brônquios preenchida por espuma misturada com conteúdo alimentar. No coração e base da artéria pulmonar, havia focos de hemorragia. Histologicamente, as principais alterações observadas ocorriam no tecido muscular cardíaco e esquelético, especialmente no esôfago e consistiam de lesões bifásicas caracterizadas por degeneração/necrose hialina e flocular de miofibras associadas com micro-calcificação e infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear. Pneumonia aspirativa associada à presença de material vegetal e bactérias na luz de brônquios também foi observada. O diagnóstico de LA foi confirmado pela detecção do genoma viral por duplex RT-PCR em amostras de sangue de animais afetados, seguido da identificação do VLA, sorotipo 12 por sequenciamento.

Porcine circovirus types 1 and 2 (PCV1, PCV2) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) are widespread in pig populations around the world. Nevertheless, only PCV2 has been associated with different clinical syndromes, thus representing a major problem to the pig industry. The association of cases of swine abortions and stillborns with PCV1 and PCV2 and PPV was studied retrospectively (2005-2007). Additional pathogens were also investigated in lesioned fetuses. The studied litters included stillborn piglets and several mummified fetuses of varied sizes. Ventricular dilatation, myocardial pale areas, and mesocolic edema were the gross lesions. Escherichia coli was detected as co-infecting with PCV2 the cases in which mesocolic edema was seen. Microscopic lesions included non-suppurative myocarditis, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, mineralization foci and intranuclear inclusion bodies in cardiomyocytes, and interstitial mononuclear pneumonia. Samples from 7 (5.78 per cent) of 121 aborted fetuses and stillborn piglets had lesions consistent with a viral cause and showed both positive anti-PCV2 immunostaining as well as PCV2-PCR. In samples from 3 (2.47 per cent) of these 7 fetuses, co-infection with PPV was confirmed by Nested-PCR. Both viruses were detected in fetuses at different stages of gestation. Viral antigens of PCV2 were detected by immunohistochemistry mainly in macrophages and myocytes. PCV1 individually was not detected in any of these affected fetuses, but it was associated with PCV2 and/or PPV in some of them. These findings indicate that PCV2 alone or in association with PPV should be kept in mind when investigating causes of infectious abortion in pigs in Brazil.

Descrevem-se as causas de aborto bovino diagnosticadas no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul no período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2011. Um total de 490 fetos bovinos foi analisado neste período. Causas específicas de aborto foram encontradas em 46,7% dos casos. Infecções por protozoários, em especial Neospora caninum acometeram 33% dos casos (162/490). Bactérias com 6,3% (31/490), seguidas por fungos com 0,8% (4/490) dos casos, foram causas adicionais de abortos. Em dois fetos (0,4%), coinfecções por dois agentes foram identificadas. Causas não-infecciosas foram observadas em 3% dos abortos e Malformações congênitas em 2,6%.

637Pesq. Vet. Bras. 30(8):637-640, agosto 2010 RESUMO.-Descrevem-se dois casos de miosite necrosante causada por Clostridium septicum em equinos. Os dois equinos apresentavam aumento de volume no membro pélvico direito e que se estendia para a região abdominal ventral. Ao corte, essa área era formada por edema sanguinolento e bolhas de gás. Os músculos esqueléticos da região caudal da coxa apresentavam áreas vermelho-escuras, crepitantes, com edema sanguinolento e, ao corte, as áreas mais profundas da musculatura tinham aspecto seco. As principais alterações histopatológicas observadas foram tumefação, vacuolização, necrose hialina e necrose flocular de fibras musculares esqueléticas. Entre as fibras, havia hemorragia, edema e grande quantidade de bacilos com tamanho de 3-6μm. Na coloração de Gram, os bacilos se apresentavam roxos (gram-positivos); quando impregnados pela prata (Warthin-Starry), se mostraram enegrecidos. Nos dois casos, C. septicum foi isolado, em ambiente anaeróbio, do líquido de edema das lesões musculares.TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Doenças de equinos, Clostridium septicum, miosite necrosante, mionecrose. INTRODUÇÃOMiosite por clostrídios, mionecrose e edema maligno são algumas das denominações utilizadas para designar infecções necrosantes em tecidos moles associadas a Clostridium spp. em equinos (Peek et al. 2003). Em animais de produção, essas lesões podem estar associadas com castração, tosquia, feridas penetrantes, injeções e lesões relacionadas à parição (Radostits et al. 2007 Two cases of acute necrotizing myositis caused by Clostridium septicum in horses are described. Both horses presented swelling of the right pelvic limb extending to the ventral abdominal region. The cut surface of the affected area revealed blood-stained edema and gas bubbles. The skeletal muscles of the caudal region of the thigh of the affect limbs had dark red discolored areas of blood-stained edema and crepitation; the deep musculature was dry. The main histopathological findings were swelling, vacuolation and hyaline and floccular necrosis of skeletal myofibers; in between myofibers there were hemorrhage, edema and large amounts of bacilli. In both cases, C. septicum was isolated from the edema fluid of muscular lesions.INDEX TERMS: Diseases of horses, Clostridium septicum, necrotizing myositis, myonecrosis.

BLUETONGUE is an arthropod-borne disease of ruminants caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV). The distribution of BTV depends on the distribution of Culicoides species insect populations and appropriate climatic conditions. Except for some sheep breeds, most BTV infections in domestic ruminants are asymptomatic or subclinical (Maclachlan and others 2009). Typical signs in affected sheep include pyrexia, facial oedema, ocular and nasal discharges, crusting of the muzzle, dyspnoea, oral erosions and ulcers, coronitis, lameness and weakness. Clinical signs are secondary to virus-mediated vascular damage (thrombosis with infarction or fluid leakage) causing oedema, haemorrhage and necrosis of multiple tissues (Maclachlan and others 2009). Serological surveys have demonstrated that BTV infection is widespread in populations of domestic ruminants in Brazil (Groocock and Campbell 1982, Lager 2004, Costa and others 2006). However, there is little information on clinical bluetongue in South America (Clavijo and others 2002). This short communication describes an outbreak of aspiration pneumonia secondary to oesophageal myonecrosis due to BTV serotype 12 (BTV-12) infection in sheep in southern Brazil. In March 2009, a severe syndrome characterised by dysphagia and pneumonia affected 14 of 76 sheep from two flocks located in Rio Grande do Sul. The disease affected eight-month-old to four-yearold Texel sheep. Initial clinical signs included frequent neck arching associated with noise emitting, difficulty swallowing, choking, and regurgitation or vomiting. Subsequently, dyspnoea and coughing were associated with apathy, depression, facial and submandibular oedema, hyperthermia (40 to 41ºC), mucous to mucopurulent nasal discharge (sometimes mixed with ruminal fluids), and erosions and ulcerations of the oral mucosa. Blood samples were collected and immediate antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy was instigated. Eight sheep died after a clinical course lasting two to five days. The other six sheep, which had

Relata-se a intoxicação espontânea por Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (canudo, algodoeiro) em bovinos no Pantanal Matogrossense. As investigações iniciaram após a morte de 12 bovinos, de um rebanho de 500 animais, criados em uma extensa área intensamente infestada por I. carnea subsp. fistulosa com escassa disponibilidade de outra forragem. As mortes ocorreram entres os meses de junho e setembro de 2006. O quadro clínico foi caracterizado por emagrecimento e sinais neurológicos com dificuldade locomotora. Um bovino foi necropsiado sem que se observassem alterações macroscópicas significativas. Histologicamente havia tumefação e vacuolização celular, em neurônios, células acinares pancreáticas, tubulares renais e foliculares da tireóide. Bovinos com quadro clínico similar foram retirados da área invadida por I. carnea subsp. fistulosa e colocadas em áreas com pastagem nativa e de Brachiaria sp. e apresentaram melhora clínica após período de 15 dias.

The changes in liver and hepatic lymph nodes of 19 sheep in Mato Grosso, Brazil, that grazed on Brachiaria spp. and the carbohydrate residues stored within the foamy cells were studied using lectin histochemistry. Tissues of sheep fed exclusively lucerne (alfalfa) hay and concentrate served as controls. It was shown that there were infiltrates of foamy macrophages and negative images or cholesterol clefts associated with crystals in the lumen of the bile ducts, hepatocytes and foamy macrophages of the livers and lymph nodes. It is suggest that the inhibition of a lysosomal lipase enzyme could be involved in the formation of the foamy macrophages, leading to the intracellular storage of glycoconjugates in cells of sheep grazing on Brachiaria spp. pastures.

This report describes toxoplasmosis infection in a black-headed night monkey (Aotus nigriceps) from the Zoological Park of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The animal was submitted alive to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso presenting neurologic clinical signs. There were no improvements on the animal's clinical condition after treatment, so it was euthanized. At necropsy, the most significant gross lesions observed were hemorrhages diffusely scattered throughout the cerebral hemispheres. Histologic findings were characterized by nonsuppurative encephalitis and mild multifocal necrotizing nonsuppurative myocarditis. Groups of tachyzoites and cysts were observed surrounding the inflamed areas of cerebral parenchyma. Sections of the brain were submitted for immunohistochemistry examination for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum and also for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the presence of Toxoplasma gondii. The samples were positive for Toxoplasma gondii by PCR; however, cross reactivity was observed between Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum antibodies. These findings were consistent with a toxoplasmosis infection in this animal.