Mionecrose aguda por Clostridium septicum em equinos

Abstract

637Pesq. Vet. Bras. 30(8):637-640, agosto 2010 RESUMO.-Descrevem-se dois casos de miosite necrosante causada por Clostridium septicum em equinos. Os dois equinos apresentavam aumento de volume no membro pélvico direito e que se estendia para a região abdominal ventral. Ao corte, essa área era formada por edema sanguinolento e bolhas de gás. Os músculos esqueléticos da região caudal da coxa apresentavam áreas vermelho-escuras, crepitantes, com edema sanguinolento e, ao corte, as áreas mais profundas da musculatura tinham aspecto seco. As principais alterações histopatológicas observadas foram tumefação, vacuolização, necrose hialina e necrose flocular de fibras musculares esqueléticas. Entre as fibras, havia hemorragia, edema e grande quantidade de bacilos com tamanho de 3-6μm. Na coloração de Gram, os bacilos se apresentavam roxos (gram-positivos); quando impregnados pela prata (Warthin-Starry), se mostraram enegrecidos. Nos dois casos, C. septicum foi isolado, em ambiente anaeróbio, do líquido de edema das lesões musculares.TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Doenças de equinos, Clostridium septicum, miosite necrosante, mionecrose. INTRODUÇÃOMiosite por clostrídios, mionecrose e edema maligno são algumas das denominações utilizadas para designar infecções necrosantes em tecidos moles associadas a Clostridium spp. em equinos (Peek et al. 2003). Em animais de produção, essas lesões podem estar associadas com castração, tosquia, feridas penetrantes, injeções e lesões relacionadas à parição (Radostits et al. 2007 Two cases of acute necrotizing myositis caused by Clostridium septicum in horses are described. Both horses presented swelling of the right pelvic limb extending to the ventral abdominal region. The cut surface of the affected area revealed blood-stained edema and gas bubbles. The skeletal muscles of the caudal region of the thigh of the affect limbs had dark red discolored areas of blood-stained edema and crepitation; the deep musculature was dry. The main histopathological findings were swelling, vacuolation and hyaline and floccular necrosis of skeletal myofibers; in between myofibers there were hemorrhage, edema and large amounts of bacilli. In both cases, C. septicum was isolated from the edema fluid of muscular lesions.INDEX TERMS: Diseases of horses, Clostridium septicum, necrotizing myositis, myonecrosis.

Clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature

“…Malignant edema is a clostridial infection that mainly affects ruminants (Odani et al 2009), horses (Peek et al 2003, Raymundo et al 2010, Farias et al 2014 and other mammals and birds (Silva et al 2016b). It is due to contamination of wounds by bacteria of the genus Clostridium including one or more of the following: Clostridium septicum, Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium novyi type A, Clostridium perfringens type A, and Clostridium sordellii (Prescott 2016, Silva et al 2016b).…”

Gas gangrene in mammals: a review

“…11,12,29,44,68 Nevertheless, several cases of gas gangrene in which only C. septicum was detected by fluorescent antibody (FA) testing or immunohistochemistry (IHC) seem to contradict the above statement. 61,62,78,81 FA testing and IHC provide a snapshot of the relative proportion of different clostridial species present in animal tissues and are not affected by the presence of other microorganisms. 8…”

“…6). 4,43,61 Congestion and hemorrhage of liver and lungs, and medullary hemorrhage and necrosis of thymus and regional lymph nodes, may also be seen. 18,36,43 In post-parturient gas gangrene, multifocal necrosis and ulcers are observed in vulvar, vaginal, and uterine mucosae.…”

Acute myonecrosis in horse caused by Clostridium novyi type A

“…Equine species are less commonly affected by malignant edema; however, there are published veterinary reports that describe muscle infections caused by the following Clostridium species: C. fallax, C. septicum, C. chauvoei, C. sporogenes and, more commonly, C. perfringens ( Hagemoser et al , 1980 ; Coloe et al , 1983 ; Choi et al , 2003 ; Peek et al , 2003 ; Raymundo et al , 2010 ). Clostridium novyi infection in horses is less frequently and usually fatal ( Valberg et al , 1984 ; Aleman et al , 2003 ).…”

“…According to literature, most previously reported cases of clostridial myositis in horses developed after the intramuscular administration of nonantibiotic medication ( Harwood, 1984 ; Brown, 1988 ; Peek et al , 2003 ; Raymundo et al , 2010 ). In these cases, the site of injection corresponded to site at which the clinical signs were first observed; therefore, it is assumed that the clostridial muscle infection resulted from the intramuscular injection.…”