RESUMO: Foi realizado um levantamento das doenças parasitárias de bovinos e ovinos diagnosticadas na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, de janeiro de 1978 a dezembro de 2014 no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Em bovinos 10,1% de todos os diagnosticos tratavam-se de parasitoses, das quais a mais frequente foi a tristeza parasitária bovina, com 55,1% dos surtos. As parasitoses gastrintestinais mistas foram diagnosticadas em 22,35% dos casos, a hemoncose em 4,36%, a dictiocaulose em 3,52%, a fasciolose em 2,68% e a eimeriose em 1,84%. Em ovinos 33,6% dos diagnósticos realizados eram parasitoses, sendo as mais frequentes as parasitoses gastrintestinais mistas (42,7%), a hemoncose (35,4%), a coenurose (9,1%) e a fasciolose (4,4%). Estima-se que as perdas somente por mortalidade, decorrentes de doenças parasitárias em bovinos somam aproximadamente R$16.968.000/ano. Na espécie ovina as perdas econômicas causadas por mortalidade de origem parasitária são de aproximadamente R$2.016.000/ano na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi possível concluir que, em bovinos, na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, os agentes da TPB são os principais causadores de perdas econômicas, seguidos pelas parasitoses mistas. Em ovinos a parasitose gastrintestinal mista e a hemoncose, juntas, representam mais de 70% dos diagnósticos realizados.
Clostridial diseases are important causes of livestock losses in the southern Rio Grande do Sul. Since 1978 annual surveys conducted at the “Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico” of the “Universidade Federal de Pelotas” (LRD-UFPel) have shown that clostridial diseases represent 10.40% of the bacterial diseases diagnosed in cattle and 1.65% of all diseases diagnosis in cattle over a 40-year period. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from January 1978 to December 2018 at the LRD-UFPel in the hopes that it will constitute a useful guide for field veterinary practitioners and interested farmers. We assessed and review the necropsy protocols of 6,736 cattle; these necropsies were performed either by LRD-UFPel faculty or by field veterinary practitioners; 111 outbreaks (1.65%) were diagnosed as clostridial disease, distributed as follows: 35 outbreaks of tetanus, 34 of blackleg, 23 of bacillary hemoglobinuria, 11 of malignant edema (gas gangrene), and eight of botulism. Approximately 904, from a total of 42,480 cattle at risk, died in these outbreaks.
The aim of the present study was to describe an outbreak of atypical interstitial pneumonia affecting 15 Angus cattle aged 7-30 months in the south of Rio Grande do Sul. The clinical course of the disease was approximately 1-3 days. The cattle were kept in the native field and had received feed containing the remains of wafers from a food factory before the outbreak. Clinical signs included dyspnea and abdominal breathing, with a clinical evolution period of up to 3 days. Nine animals presented apathy and respiratory difficulty and died within 24h, while three animals exhibited a clinical evolution period of 36-48h. Three other animals died without any clinical signs. The main macroscopic lesions were observed in the lungs, which did not collapse at the opening of the thoracic cavity and showed a rubbery consistency. On the cut surface, the organs were firm and dark red, with marked distension of the interlobular septa due to edema. Histopathological analysis revealed thickening of the interlobular pulmonary septa; interstitial edema and emphysema; mild mononuclear cell, eosinophil, and neutrophil infiltration; areas of type II pneumocyte proliferation, and thickening of the alveolar walls. Fibrin was observed in the alveolar lumen with the formation of hyaline membranes. On the basis of macroscopic and histological examinations and epidemiological data, a final diagnosis of atypical interstitial pneumonia was made. Although, the cause of the disease has not been identified, it is believed that the bran wafer meal contained ingredients that were not suitable for animals, consequently triggering the disease.
Gastrointestinal parasites represent an important cause of reduced productivity of sheep worldwide. As anthelmintic are still the main control tool for these parasites, this work evaluated the efficacy of commercially available active principles in 22 sheep flocks in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In each farm 10 sheep were randomly distributed in seven groups with the following treatments: abamectin; albendazole; closantel; levamisole; monepantel; trichlorphon and no anthelmintic (control). All flocks showed resistance to at least three anthelmintics and in 20 farms only two products demonstrated efficacy for parasitic control. In two farms, there was no susceptibility to the six active principles tested. The results of this study provide evidence that the common commercially available anthelmintic are not assuring effective chemical control of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in ovine flocks in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. Monepantel, the newest introduced drug in the Brazilian market was not effective in 18% of the flocks tested, confirming that the parasitic resistance can be established quickly after the introduction of new molecules mainly when alternative program of parasite control is not performed.Keywords: Sheep breeding, gastrointestinal nematodes, chemical control, resistance. ResumoAs parasitoses gastrintestinais representam importante causa de queda na produtividade na ovinocultura mundial. Como a utilização de anti-helmínticos é, ainda, a principal forma de controle parasitário, o presente estudo avaliou a eficácia de princípios ativos comercialmente disponíveis, em 22 rebanhos ovinos da região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em cada propriedade foram utilizados 10 ovinos divididos em sete grupos que receberam os seguintes tratamentos: abamectina; albendazole; closantel; levamisole; monepantel; e triclorfon. Um grupo permaneceu como controle, sem tratamento anti-helmíntico. Nas 22 propriedades do estudo houve resistência, no mínimo, a três anti-helmínticos. Em 20 propriedades apenas dois produtos demonstraram eficácia para o controle parasitário. Em duas propriedades não houve sensibilidade aos seis princípios ativos testados. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram que os anti-helmínticos disponíveis no marcado Brasileiro não asseguram um controle parasitário efetivo nos rebanhos ovinos da região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, incluindo o monepantel que foi ineficaz em 18% dos rebanhos testados, confirmando que a resistência dos parasitos aos princípios ativos pode se estabelecer rapidamente após a introdução de novas moléculas, principalmente quando programas alternativos de controle não são realizados.Palavras-chave: Ovinocultura, nematoides gastrintestinais, controle químico de parasitos, resistência.
Com o objetivo de determinar as causas para o súbito aumento no número de surtos de intoxicação por organofosforados foram analisados nove surtos da intoxicação diagnosticados em bovinos no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD/UFPel) entre novembro de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014. Em todos os surtos os animais foram tratados com concentrações entre duas e 151 vezes maiores que a concentração recomendada de diazinon para banho carrapaticida utilizado nas diferentes propriedades. Contribuíram, ainda, para o grande número de casos de intoxicação a via de adminstração pour on não recomendada para os produtos utilizados e o intenso calor registrado na época de ocorrência dos surtos.
A retrospective study of equine skin diseases diagnosed in the Laboratório
Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) diagnosed at the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico of Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD/UFPel), is described. Differential aspects of other pulmonary diseases in horses with pneumonia and interstitial fibrosis were discussed. The disease occurred in a 15-year-old equine that presented with clinical signs of respiratory distress, intermittent fever, anorexia, and dyspnea. Macroscopically, there was enlargement of the lungs with whitish, pale, firm and well-delimited nodules, approximately 7-10 cm in diameter, distributed throughout the parenchyma. Histologically, the lung nodules had alveolar spaces with walls covered by cuboidal epithelium containing macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes and, eventually, multinucleated giant cells. The interstitium was markedly thickened by mature fibrous connective tissue and collagen. There were intranuclear inclusion bodies in the macrophages. The PCR technique for detecting the EHV-5 DNA was positive. In a retrospective study of pneumonia cases in horses with interstitial fibrosis diagnosed in the LRD/UFPel, two animals had macroscopic and histological lesions similar to those with EMPF, but they were negative for EHV-5 in PCR. Four cases diagnosed with pneumonia and interstitial tissue fibrosis had a histological pattern that was different from that observed in the EMPF animal, thus eliminating the possibility of EMPF. It is concluded that EMPF is a sporadic disease that should be considered in cases of respiratory disease in horses. Reports of such cases are important to alert technicians about the occurrence of rare diseases in Brazil. It is also necessary to establish the true role of EHV-5 in the pathogenesis of EMPF. Cases of pulmonary fibrosis such as EMPF, in which the virus is not present, should be studied to establish whether it could be an idiopathic form of the disease.
Este trabalho descreve as enfermidades de suínos diagnosticadas no período de 1978 a2015 em propriedades de criação de subsistência na região sul do Brasil. No período do estudo 507 materiais de suínos foram encaminhados ao Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As principais doenças diagnosticadas foram divididas em bacterianas com 28,4% (144/507); virais com 5,1% (26/507); parasitárias com 3,7% (19/507); intoxicações e micotoxicoses com 2,1% (11/507); e carências com 2% (10/507) dos casos. As condições diversas/doenças de etiologia indeterminada representaram 41,4% (210/507) dos casos; e os diagnósticos inconclusivos totalizaram 17% (86/507) dos casos. As enfermidades mais frequentemente observadas em suínos na região foram as doenças infecciosas com destaque para as causadas por bactérias. Dentre as doenças bacterianas, o agente mais comumente envolvido foi Escherichia coli diagnosticado em 11% (56/507) dos casos, sendo a doença do edema a mais prevalente, com 7,9% (40/507). Ressalta-se a necessidade de identificar as enfermidades que afetam suínos em criações de subsistência, pois estas diferem das observadas em sistema de criação intensivo.
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