emulsions, depending on the length of the acid hydrocarbon radicals.

Condensation of 7-hydroxy-1,2,2,4-tetramethylhydroquinoline-6-carbaldehydes with various hetaryl-substituted -oxo esters aff orded a series of hybrid hydro-6,8,8,9-tetramethyl-2H-pyrano[3,2-g]quinolin-2-ones. A number of these compounds exhibited relatively high inhibitory activity against blood coagulation factors Xa and XIa.

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Oligo and polyesters of polyglycerol and polyricinoleic acid are widely used as emulsifiers in various industries. New promising emulsifiers for oil-water systems were obtained based on the condensation of glycerol and its oligomers with epoxidized derivatives of vegetable oils. The type of the resulting emulsion was studied. The influence of the composition of the emulsion and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of the emulsifier on the type of the resulting emulsions was investigated. It was shown that the synthesized emulsifiers significantly increase the viscosity of the emulsion. Complex structural and functional spectral analysis of synthesized substances showed that the main reactions leading to the formation of the desired products were the opening of epoxide cycles, the transesterification of esters, and the condensation of fatty-acid derivatives. This new combination of renewable raw materials is of undoubted interest for deeper chemical processing of vegetable oils. KeywordsEpoxidized vegetable oils Á Emulsifiers Á Polyglycerol Á Polyricinoleate Á Renewable raw materials J Am Oil Chem Soc (2018) 95: 1561-1574.

The interaction of N-arylmaleimides with N-substituted biguanides and amidinothiourea gave new substituted imidazolinones and thiazolinones.Substituted imidazolinones and thiazolinones are known to possess a wide range of biological activity [1][2][3]. At the same time, the presence of several reactive functional groups in the structure offers opportunities for using these compounds as substrates in the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds. On the other hand, N-arylmaleimides are frequently used for molecular design of various heterocyclic linearly linked and condensed matrices [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Previously it has been demonstrated that N-arylmaleimides react as C(3)-electrophiles with various 1,4-bisnucleophiles, resulting in the formation of six-membered heterocyclic systems: piperidinones [6], hydrogenated thiazinones [11][12], and oxazinones [13]. At the same time, arylmaleimides react with 1,3-bisnucleophiles less predictably and may serve as С(3)-electrophiles, forming five-membered heterocyclic systems: pyrrolidines [4,8], imidazolinones [7], thiazolinones [14-16], or serve as С(4)-electrophiles, leading to six-membered heterocycles, respectively [7-9, 17]. Mixtures of five-membered and sixmembered heterocyclic systems are often formed [7,9].The goal of this work was to study recyclization reactions of N-arylmaleimides in the presence of N,N-and N,S-polynucleophiles, such as N-substituted biguanides and amidinothiourea.Despite the fact that N-substituted biguanides 1а-c represent polynucleophilic compounds, cyclization with N-arylmaleimides involved the guanidine fragment. The reactions were performed by refluxing the starting materials in methanol for 5-7 h. Apparently, the first step involved addition of the amino group in terminal guanidine fragment of bisguanide to arylmaleimide double bond [18], while in the second step the succinimide fragment was attacked by the nucleophilic nitrogen atom of imino group, resulting in recyclization with the formation of imidazolinone ring. This reaction was used for the synthesis of a range of substituted N-aryl-(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1Н-imidazol-5-yl)acetamides 2а-e. The use of dioxane or DMF as solvent decreased the yields of target products due to the occurrence of many side reactions.

Lomonosov-2 supercomputer is used to search for new organic compounds that can suppress the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The latter is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Docking and a quantum-chemical semiempirical atomistic modeling method are used to find inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease, which is one of the key coronavirus enzymes responsible for its replication. The atomistic model of the papain-like protease of this coronavirus is based on the high-resolution structure deposited in the Protein Data Bank. The SOL docking program has been used for virtual screening of more than low molecular weight molecules (ligands). Ligands with the highest protein-ligand binding energy, selected using the docking results, were subjected to quantum-chemical calculations. The latters are performed by the PM7 semiempirical method with the COSMO implicit solvent model using the MOPAC program. The enthalpy of protein-ligand binding is calculated for the best position of the ligand in the protein. ligands were selected for experimental in vitro testing as candidates for papain-like protease inhibitors base on docking and quantum-chemical results. In case of experimental confirmation, these compounds may become the basis for direct-acting antiviral drugs for the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.

Antithrombotic agents based on factor XIIa inhibitors can become a new class of drugs to manage conditions associated with thrombosis. Herein, we report identification of two novel classes of factor XIIa inhibitors. The first one is triazolopyrimidine derivatives designed on the basis of the literature aminotriazole hit and identified using virtual screening of the focused library. The second class is a spirocyclic furo [3,4-c]pyrrole derivatives identified by virtual screening of a large chemical library of drug-like compounds performed in a previous study but confirmed in vitro here. In both cases, the prediction of inhibitory activity is based on the score of the SOL docking program, which uses the MMFF94 force field to calculate the binding energy. For the best ligands selected in virtual screening of the large chemical library, postprocessing with the PM7 semiempirical quantum-chemical method was used to calculate the enthalpy of protein-ligand binding to prioritize 16 compounds for testing in enzymatic assay, and one of them demonstrated micromolar activity. For triazolopyrimidine library, 21 compounds were prioritized for the testing based on docking scores, and visual inspection of docking poses. Of these, 4 compounds showed inhibition of factor XIIa at 30 μM.