emulsions, depending on the length of the acid hydrocarbon radicals.

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The interaction of N-arylmaleimides with N-substituted biguanides and amidinothiourea gave new substituted imidazolinones and thiazolinones.Substituted imidazolinones and thiazolinones are known to possess a wide range of biological activity [1][2][3]. At the same time, the presence of several reactive functional groups in the structure offers opportunities for using these compounds as substrates in the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds. On the other hand, N-arylmaleimides are frequently used for molecular design of various heterocyclic linearly linked and condensed matrices [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Previously it has been demonstrated that N-arylmaleimides react as C(3)-electrophiles with various 1,4-bisnucleophiles, resulting in the formation of six-membered heterocyclic systems: piperidinones [6], hydrogenated thiazinones [11][12], and oxazinones [13]. At the same time, arylmaleimides react with 1,3-bisnucleophiles less predictably and may serve as С(3)-electrophiles, forming five-membered heterocyclic systems: pyrrolidines [4,8], imidazolinones [7], thiazolinones [14-16], or serve as С(4)-electrophiles, leading to six-membered heterocycles, respectively [7-9, 17]. Mixtures of five-membered and sixmembered heterocyclic systems are often formed [7,9].The goal of this work was to study recyclization reactions of N-arylmaleimides in the presence of N,N-and N,S-polynucleophiles, such as N-substituted biguanides and amidinothiourea.Despite the fact that N-substituted biguanides 1а-c represent polynucleophilic compounds, cyclization with N-arylmaleimides involved the guanidine fragment. The reactions were performed by refluxing the starting materials in methanol for 5-7 h. Apparently, the first step involved addition of the amino group in terminal guanidine fragment of bisguanide to arylmaleimide double bond [18], while in the second step the succinimide fragment was attacked by the nucleophilic nitrogen atom of imino group, resulting in recyclization with the formation of imidazolinone ring. This reaction was used for the synthesis of a range of substituted N-aryl-(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1Н-imidazol-5-yl)acetamides 2а-e. The use of dioxane or DMF as solvent decreased the yields of target products due to the occurrence of many side reactions.

Oligo and polyesters of polyglycerol and polyricinoleic acid are widely used as emulsifiers in various industries. New promising emulsifiers for oil-water systems were obtained based on the condensation of glycerol and its oligomers with epoxidized derivatives of vegetable oils. The type of the resulting emulsion was studied. The influence of the composition of the emulsion and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of the emulsifier on the type of the resulting emulsions was investigated. It was shown that the synthesized emulsifiers significantly increase the viscosity of the emulsion. Complex structural and functional spectral analysis of synthesized substances showed that the main reactions leading to the formation of the desired products were the opening of epoxide cycles, the transesterification of esters, and the condensation of fatty-acid derivatives. This new combination of renewable raw materials is of undoubted interest for deeper chemical processing of vegetable oils. KeywordsEpoxidized vegetable oils Á Emulsifiers Á Polyglycerol Á Polyricinoleate Á Renewable raw materials J Am Oil Chem Soc (2018) 95: 1561-1574.

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Currently there is a vital need to teach youth to demonstrate leadership skills as well as to work in the competitive market environment. This article is devoted to the problem of leadership training among university students. The sample included 474 students of Kazan Federal University. The project was based on the use of person-oriented interaction between the university tutors and students to help young people overcome the barriers to develop leadership qualities while being engaged in the organizational activities. In the first phase, the participants' levels of leadership qualities, organizational inclination, and communication skills were determined. The experimental stage was aimed at teaching student organizers create a positive atmosphere in the group being guided by the principles of personoriented interaction between a leader and his followers. The experiment has demonstrated that collaboration of people with a high level of leadership qualities and those ones with a low level of leadership qualities do not give positive results. Collaboration with the university tutors gave support to the student participants and helped them develop the traits of a leader.