Landfills of municipal solid waste (MSW) have a negative impact on the environment and people: air, soil, surface water and groundwater are polluted. During the storage of MSW in the body of the landfill natural anaerobic decomposition of organic waste takes place under conditions of oxygen lack, high temperature and humidity. One product of this process is landfill gas - a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide with small amounts of impurities (nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide). Tens and hundreds of different organic compounds are also included as a compound of landfill gas. The composition and content of the individual components in landfill gas depends on the composition of landfilled waste at the solid domestic garbage dump. The landfill gas and odor run to great distances. Construction, operation and closure of landfills give rise to a number of environmental problems associated with such a classification of landfills as a secondary source of pollution of the urban environment. The solution of such environmental problems offers a variety of options for the “recovery”, “remediation” and protective measures in areas of placement of landfills. For example, in the landfill “Timokhovo” there were studied the efficacy and safety of a new chemical treatment technologies and disposal of landfill gas As a result of the installation of the system for landfill gas purification there was established the decline in the total concentration of polluting compounds, as hydrocarbons (including saturated and aromatic), alcohols, oxygen and sulfur containing compounds by from 63 to 2200 times. There was reached 100% disposal of mercaptanes, sulfides, di- and trisulfides, naphthenic and terpenic hydrocarbons and chlorinated compounds. The number of identified compounds was reduced by more than 2 times. However, at the output of the purification system there were revealed compounds not identified at the input of this system. It can be regarded due to the appearance of transformation products of flaring hydrocarbons. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies directed to the identification with quantitative assessment of air emissions before and after the new system of utilization allow both perform monitoring emissions taking into account the real content and changes in group and component structure under the influence of the chemical impact of the new technologies and make recommendations for further improvement of gas purification systems in terms of environmental aspects.
Introduction. To solve environmental problems in the current economic conditions, the use of achievements in scientific and technological progress acquires the special significance. This primarily concerns the creation, optimization, and improvement of environmentally friendly technologies for purification and neutralization of industrial emissions, new technologies for purification and disinfection of drinking water, development and implementation of environment-improving phytotechnologies and many other environmental and health-improving measures. The present system of environmental and analytical monitoring of the state of environmental objects exposed to various technologies for its recovery, based on the use of physical and chemical or biological factors, requires the control of chemical safety, taking into account the possibility of formation of by-products of transformation with respect to their harmlessness for use. Material and methods. The studies were performed using a chromatography-mass spectrometric system including a gas chromatograph with full electronic control of gas flows and a digital pressure and flow control mode with automatic determination of column parameters, mass spectrometric detector with a quadrupole mass analyzer that provides measurements in the range of mass numbers from 1 to 1050, and a thermal desorber with a gas sample cryo-focusing. Results. Examples of assessing the effectiveness and chemical safety of the application of new environmental protection technologies for cleaning air emissions from a number of enterprises and measures for improving the air environment of enclosed spaces show that their application, on the one hand, is aimed at directly addressing their specific purpose, that is, a significant reduction in the qualitative and quantitative composition of pollutants in production emissions has been established, including an important component in terms of environmental aspects, such as the smell and on the other hand - a negative side effect associated with the formation of toxic and dangerous products of transformation is simultaneously established, even for substances of natural origin, a significant part of which does not have hygienic standards, and consequently their impact on public health remains unaccounted. Discussion. The side effect was often manifested by a change in the direction of deterioration in the chemical composition of the environment object that is physically and chemically affected by the use of the new technology. For an adequate assessment of the quality of the environment and chemical safety of public health, an important condition is to take into account the multicomponent nature of the composition of chemical contaminants and to take into account the transformation products of substances affecting humans under real environmental conditions. Conclusion. Studies focused on identification with a quantitative assessment of air emission components before and after the application of a new environmental technology or a better environmental and health improvement measure allow to monitor environmental objects taking into account the actual content and changes in the group and component composition under the influence of the chemical impact of new technology and to make recommendations for further improvement of the new technology from the point of view of environmental aspects, which, in turn, is aimed at preserving the health of the population.
Issues of improving the environment are now among the most important for the population of large administrative and industrial cities. Improving the quality of the environment and creating comfortable living conditions for people using environmentally friendly methods is the one of most up-to-date directions in environmental health. Improving the quality of the internal environment of the premises involves the use of various modern technical life support systems to regulate parameters of the environment. However, existing methods of cleaning and air conditioning of public and industrial premises not only fail to provide the required quality of cleaning, but also can often lead to the appearance of toxic substances, promote deionization of air and deterioration of its quality according to by biological indices. Both to clean and improve the air and give it the properties that are favorable for the life-activity of a person, phytodesign methods are used. The most popular in the gardening of interiors are tropical, subtropical and aromatic plants. Their application is due to their release in the process of vital activity in the environment of biologically active substances - phytoncides, which can improve the air composition, reduce the number of bacteria, fungi, viruses and have a therapeutic effect. Chromatographic-mass-spectrometric studies of the composition of volatile organic components of ether-bearing plants of phytocomposites, when used for artificial illumination of phytolamps with narrow spectral red and blue light, have shown that 26 organic compounds have been identified in the composition of volatile discharges of phytomodule plants grown under natural illumination. The greatest contribution to the component composition of the mixture was made by saturated hydrocarbons (36%). The contribution of oxygen-containing compounds, including phenols, was 13%, aldehydes and cyclic non-aromatic hydrocarbons -12 and 11% respectively. Despite the usefulness of additional artificial lighting for plants, an increase in the amount of substances has been established with the formation of new compounds and an increase in the total content of the identified substances. There was an increase in the content of toxic phenol (by 14 times), benzaldehyde (by 10 times) and acetophenone (by 7 times). The most hygienic significance was the group of terpenic hydrocarbons, which belongs to the group of readily convertible substances, as well as groups of oxygen-containing compounds (aldehydes, ketones, phenols, ethers), which belong to the naturally occurring entities of the toxic and dangerous groups of chemicals. More than 50% of the identified compounds did not have hygienic standards, it is not possible to assess their danger or safety for human health. The use of ether-bearing plants in closed rooms requires the chemical-analytical control of the composition of volatile emissions and the establishment of optimal conditions (saturation of plants in the room, room volume, the presence of conditioning or ozonizing units, temperature regime, humidity, etc.) in order to provide the chemical safety for human health.
The chromato-mass-spectrometric studies of volatile emissions of fresh-cut roses have revealed the persistence of wide range of organic compounds. The most large content was consist of terpene hydrocarbons. The contribution of oxygen-containing components (alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and ketones) varied in wide ranges in dependence on the content of the feeding solution. The significant part of plants ’ volatiles has no hygienic norm. Among the substances released into the air space ofpremises with volatile emissions ofplants, a significant part has not hygienic standards. Purposeful change in composition of the mixture of volatile organic compounds released by the plants, in the combination with chemical-analytical control of the content of these substances by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in terms of ecological and hygienic aspects may be useful in the development, use and determination of the optimal conditions of the implementation of environment improving phytotechnologies and evaluation of the efficacy and safety of their impact on public health.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.