Согласно данным ВОЗ, здоровье населения примерно на 50% зависит от образа жизни, на 20-25% -от наследственности, на 25-30% -от влияния факторов окружающей среды и на 5% -от системы здравоохранения. Согласно известного выражения Dr. Elliott Joslin, «Гены заряжают оружие, образ жизни и факторы окружающей среды нажимают на курок». Несмотря на существенное влияние на здоровье населения различных инфекционных агентов (бактерий, вирусов, грибов, паразитов), о чем серьезно напомнила о себе коронавирусная инфекция с 2019 года, в России, как и в мире в целом, основной (около 70%) причиной всех смертей является хроническая неинфекционная заболеваемость, где на долю болезней кровообраще-УДК: 613, 614
Introduction. One of the key factors influencing on the quality of drinking water is the high level of water sources of the pollution, leading to the need for large-scale water treatment. There are remained risks, the consequence of which may lead to the deterioration of the quality of drinking water which is conveyed to the population. It is necessary to introduce effective technologies of water treatment, informative and reliable approaches for the assessment of epidemiological safety and harmlessness of drinking water. One of the priority directions is the development and use of methods of the integral assessment of drinking water quality. Aim of the study. For this purpose there was developed a method for the integral assessment of drinking water relying upon indices of the chemical harmlessness and a method for the comprehensive assessment of the risk of bacterial intestinal infections transmitted by water. There is proposed a method of assessing the quality of drinking water in terms of epidemiological safety, based on the fundamental principles, and providing a probabilistic approach to the assessment of health risk. Conclusion. The development, argumentation and implementation of the method of the integral assessment of the probabilistic health risk with the combined effect of chemical and microbiological agents contained in drinking water remain to be actual.
The used methodology of the scientific substantiation of indicators is in the establishment of the conformity of laws of vital activity of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms in the real conditions of the action of the complex of factors, including disinfecting agents. In the one water sample simultaneously there were determined both the general indicator (GICB), thermotolerant (TTCB), glucose positive (GPCB) coliform bacteria, E.coli. On the base of long-term research in the various regions of the Russian Federation, as well with bearing in mind the analysis of domestic and foreign data, comparing the water quality and the incidence of intestinal infections in population it is recommended to use the index of determination of the total number glucose positive coliform bacteria (GPCB), which brings together a much broader range of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family in comparison with total coliform bacteria (TCB) and thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TTCB) and warrants the absence in the test volume of water as an indicator lactose positive (E.coli, TCB, TTCB) and pathogens (salmonella) and potentially pathogenic bacteria which do not ferment lactose. Proposed index of GPCB is shown to allow to assess epidemiological risks not only more accurate, but also more efficiently without increasing the cost performance of bacteriological research.
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