Objective: The present study was intended to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Vitex negundo Linn.. The Vitex negundo Linn. is a medicinal plant found throughout India. Method: The ethanolic extract of Vitex. Negundo Linn. (300 mg/kg) was administered orally by suspending in tween-20 solution to the animals with hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol (3gm/kg). Silymarin (25mg/kg) was given as reference standard. The hepatoprotective activity was also supported by histopathological studies of liver tissue. An effective significant alteration in all biochemical parameters and histopathological sections was observed Result: Since results of biochemical studies of blood samples of paracetamol treated rats showed significant increase in the levels of serum enzyme activities, reflecting the liver injury caused by paracetamol and blood samples from the animals treated with the oral administration of ethanol extract produced a significant reduction in serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to the acute hepatotoxic induced rats. They exhibited a significant inhibition of hepatic toxicity by using various marker enzymes and the histopathological analysis. Conclusion: From these results, concluded that the Vitex negundo Linn. was effective in protecting the liver against the injury induced by paracetamol in rats at the dose of 300 mg/kg/body weight. These results suggest that leaves of Vitex negundo Linn. may supports the hepatic cells protection.
The objective of the present study was to study effect of Pithecellobium dulce Benth (P. dulce) leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The P. dulce leaves were extracted by maceration and soxhelation method by using water and ethanol as solvent. Acute toxicity study was performed according to OECD 425 guidelines for both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of P. dulce leaves. The dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg was selected for further studies. Animals were rendered diabetic by administration of alloxan (130 mg/kg, i.p.). The albino rats were divided in to seven groups with five animals in each group. Diabetic animals were treated with aqueous and ethanolic extract for 20 days. Then blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, urea, uric acid, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and glycogen level in liver, muscle and kidney were estimated according to standard procedures. The result shows significant decrease in blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, urea, uric acid, creatinine, AST and ALT level when compared to diabetic group. The liver and muscle glycogen level was increased significantly in extract treated groups when compared to diabetic control group. Both extract of P. dulce posses antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential.
The purpose of the present study was to prepare inclusion complex of domperidone with hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin in order improved the solubility and hence to increase dissolution of domperidone. An effect of concentration of hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin on the aqueous solubility of domperidone was determined by phase-solubility method. The aqueous solubility of domperidone increased as a function of hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin concentration, showing AL type diagram. Solid domperidone/hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex was prepared in ratio 1:1 by ultrasonication and kneading method. Solid state inclusion complex was characterized by FTIR, powder X-ray diffraction and differential-scanning calorimetry techniques. FTIR studies showed intactness of drug in complex whereas powder diffraction studies showed that hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex was amorphous. Solubility studies showed that complexation increased domperidone solubility as compared to pure drug in 0.1M hydrochloric acid and distilled water. Drug content confirms that ultrasonication is one of the efficient methods to prepare inclusion complex. Dissolution data of inclusion complexes also indicated that there is 1.4 folds increase in dissolution as compared to pure drug and was observed in case of inclusion complexes prepared by ultrasonication.
To investigate the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and renal protective activities of the aqueous and ethanol extract of Garcinia indica fruit rinds against alloxan induced diabetes in rats. Wistar rats were made diabetic by a single dose of alloxan hydrate [130 mg/kg i.p.]. After the successful induction of experimental diabetes, rats were divided into five groups each comprising a minimum of six rats. The effects of extracts and glibenclamide on fasting blood glucose, plasma lipid levels and renal profile were examined for 21 days. Blood glucose levels and biochemical parameters such as serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, urea and creatinine levels of rats were measured using on weekly intervals i.e day 0, 7, 14 and 21 after daily administration of all extracts at dose of 500 mg/kg. Statistical analysis was performed using Dunnett’s test. p less than 0.01 was taken as the criterion of significance. Oral administration of both aqueous and ethanol extract for 21 days caused a significant [p less than 0.01] reduction in blood glucose levels, lipid profile except HDL; urea and creatinine in diabetic rats. Garcinia indica fruit rind possesses antihyperglycemic activity as well improves total lipid levels and renal profile. It can justify folklore uses of the plant in diabetes.
The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts of leaves and stems of Peristrophe bivalvis Merrill was tested by agar diffusion streak well method. The zone of Inhibition produced by the extracts was measured against doses 10 mg, 40 mg, 70 mg and 100 mg/ml and compared with standard Gentamicin 10 µgm/ml for bacteria and Clotrimazole 25 µgm/ml for fungi. Their minimum inhibitory concentrations were calculated. It was found that Peristrophe bivalvis Merrill is having broad spectrum of activity. Leaves showed more antimicrobial activity as compared to stems.
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