Anemic syndrome is detected in 10-25% of geriatric patients, and with increasing age, there is a tendency to increase the incidence of the disease. Among the diseases that lead to the development of anemia, kidney pathology plays an important role. Progressive deterioration of kidney function in old age is associated with an increased risk of fractures, sarcopenia, and the development of cognitive impairment. Also, nephrogenic anemia aggravates the prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases, which is associated with an increase in myocardial ischemia, an increase in tissue hypoxia, a progression of left ventricular hypertrophy, and a decrease in left ventricular systolic function.
Среди множества гериатрических синдромов несомненно одно из первых мест занимают старческая астения и саркопения. Несмотря на широкое их освещение в современной научной медицинской литературе, до сих пор актуальным остается вопрос о взаимосвязи этих гериатрических синдромов. Какой из вышеуказанных синдромов является первичным, а какой - вторичным? Они конкурируют между собой, взаимно отягощают друг друга, не зависят один от другого либо же объединены общими патологическими механизмами? Рассмотрению этих вопросов посвящен данный обзор литературы. Among the many geriatric syndromes, undoubtedly, one of the first places is, in other words, the leading positions are occupied by frailty and sarcopenia. Despite their wide coverage in the modern scientific medical literature, the question of the relationship of these geriatric syndromes with each other is still relevant. Which of the above syndromes is primary and which is secondary? Do they compete with each other, mutually burden each other, do not depend on each other, or are they united by common pathological mechanisms? This literature review is devoted to these issues.
In connection with the increase in life expectancy, the number of people of older age groups is increasing, and with it the age of associated diseases, which are of tremendous medical and social importance. Such diseases include Alzheimer’s disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular pathology. The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of these nosologies is widely discussed in the literature. In addition, a number of studies have shown the effectiveness of the use of probiotics and prebiotics in the treatment of these diseases. The review of the literature summarizes the current understanding of the role of the intestinal microbiota in the development, prevention, and treatment of major age-related diseases.
Rationale: The progressive decline in skeletal muscle strength and function during aging can lead to disability and premature death. It is of interest to evaluate the potential of bioimpedance phase angle (PhA) as an instrumental marker of sarcopenia in clinical practice.Aim: To identify an association between the phase angles determined by the bioimpedance analysis of body composition, with functional activity parameters in elderly women with multiple comorbidities.Materials and methods: The study included 146 elderly women (aged 75 to 84 years, mean age 79.44±2.56 years). Assessments consisted of the Charlson comorbidity index, “Vozrast ne pomekha” (Age is not a hindrance) questionnaire, the Barthel index, the sit-to-stand five-repeat test, the standardized 4-meter walking speed test, and bioimpedance analysis of body composition (ABC02, Medass, Russia). Muscle strength parameters were assessed by wrist dynamometry with a mechanical wrist dynamometer. The hand dynamometry index was calculated by dividing the hand grip strength by the patient's squared height. According to the EWGSOP2 guidelines for the critical cur-off for hand dynamometry, the patients were divided into two groups: those with the hand grip strength>16 kg (n=41) and those with<16 kg (n=105).Results: There were significant correlations of PhA with age (r=-0.369; p=0.017), the results of the screening questionnaire “Vozrast ne pomekha” (Age is not a hindrance) (r=-0.359; p=0.023), Barthel index (r=0.375; p=0.018), hand dynamometry (r=0.395; p=0.014), hand dynamometry index (r=0.340; p=0.021), lean body mass (r=0.414; p=0.009), musculoskeletal mass (r=0.819; p<0.001), proportion of musculoskeletal mass (r=0.796; p<0.001), walking speed (r=0.670; p<0.001), and the results of the sit-to-stand test (r=-0.541; p<0.001). Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 61 women (41.8%). There were also significant differences in age, hand dynamometry results, hand dynamometry index, walking speed and results of the sit-to-stand test between the two groups depending on their hand grip strength.Conclusion: The use of hand dynamometry, physical activity tests, and bioimpedance phase angle can be used in clinical practice to diagnose sarcopenia.
Objectives to identify the correlations between the Charlson comorbidity index and the results of functional activity tests as predictors of sarcopenia among elderly and senile women with polymorbidity. Material and methods. The study included 269 elderly and senile women aged from 65 to 84 years, having polypathology. Results. Sarcopenia was detected in 14.63% of the elderly, and in 27.40% of senile women. The Charlson comorbidity index was associated with the risk of progression of frailty, a decrease in basic functional activity, increased muscle weakness and impaired function of skeletal muscles. Conclusion. Dynamometry and functional activity tests can be used in clinical practice to diagnose sarcopenia syndrome in elderly and senile women.
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