Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar possíveis divergências entre os resultados obtidos nas avaliações da adaptabilidade de 27 genótipos de milho (Zea mays L.), e na estratificação de 22 ambientes no Estado do Paraná, por meio de técnicas baseadas na análise de fatores e regressão bissegmentada. As estratificações ambientais foram feitas por meio do método tradicional e por análise de fatores, aliada ao porcentual da porção simples da interação GxA (PS%). As análises de adaptabilidade foram realizadas por meio de regressão bissegmentada e análise de fatores. Pela análise de regressão bissegmentada, os genótipos estudados apresentaram alta performance produtiva; no entanto, não foi constatado o genótipo considerado como ideal. A adaptabilidade dos genótipos, analisada por meio de plotagens gráficas, apresentou respostas diferenciadas quando comparada à regressão bissegmentada. A análise de fatores mostrou-se eficiente nos processos de estratificação ambiental e adaptabilidade dos genótipos de milho.Termos para indexação: Zea mays, interação genótipo x ambiente, estabilidade. Factor analysis and bissegmented regression for studies about environmental stratification and maize adaptabilityAbstract -The objective of this work was to verify possible divergences among results obtained on adaptability evaluations of 27 maize genotypes (Zea mays L.), and on stratification of 22 environments on Paraná State, Brazil, through techniques of factor analysis and bissegmented regression. The environmental stratifications were made through the traditional methodology and by factor analysis, allied to the percentage of the simple portion of GxE interaction (PS%). Adaptability analyses were carried out through bissegmented regression and factor analysis. By the analysis of bissegmented regression, studied genotypes had presented high productive performance; however, it was not evidenced the genotype considered as ideal. The adaptability of the genotypes, analyzed through graphs, presented different answers when compared to bissegmented regression. Factor analysis was efficient in the processes of environment stratification and adaptability of maize genotypes.Index terms: Zea mays, genotype x environment interaction, stability. IntroduçãoNos programas de melhoramento genético das diversas espécies, inclusive o milho (Zea mays L.), a interação genótipo x ambiente (GxA) dificulta a seleção e indicação de cultivares, em razão da inconsistência de performance dos genótipos em ambientes distintos.A interação GxA pode ser dividida em duas partes. Uma de natureza simples, quando não ocorre alteração das posições relativas dos genótipos avaliados, dentro de um conjunto de ambientes, tomados dois a dois. A outra, chamada de complexa, ocorre quando a correlação entre o desempenho dos genótipos ao longo dos ambientes em estudo é baixa, o que faz com que a posição relativa dos genótipos seja alterada em virtude das diferentes respostas às variações ambientais (Robertson, 1959).Para que as indicações de genótipos sejam mais seguras, ...
A newly emerged disease, the Pyricularia blast caused by Pyricularia grisea, is commonly observed on wheat and black oats, since its discovery in 1985. Within a few years the disease spread to other species of Gramineae, but white oat cultivars remained resistant and were the only ones among cultivated cereals resistant to this disease. In 2012, one commercial field of white oat cultivar IAC 7 was found severely attacked by Pyricularia blast in Assis, in the state of São Paulo. The objective of the present investigation was to find out whether other white oat cultivars are also susceptible to the new P. grisea isolate from cv. IAC 7 and to determine the pathogenic variability, if any, among P. grisea isolates from black oats. Thirty-three white oat cultivars, along with some cultivars of black oat, barley, wheat, triticale, and rye were evaluated against the IAC 7 isolate. Results of disease severity analysis indicated that four white oat cultivars were resistant, seven were moderately resistant and the remaining were susceptible or highly susceptible. Five wheat cultivars were also resistant. Pathogenic variation among P. grisea isolates from black oats was observed.
The grains of food-type soybean cultivars, which are characterized by the absence of lipoxygenases and the presence of high levels of proteins and isoflavones, are regarded as functional foods with high acceptance by consumers. However, few cultivars of food-type soybeans are currently available in the Brazilian market. The aim of this work was to study the adaptability and stability of various genotypes of food-type soybeans and to compare the performance of methods, which are based on analysis of variance, non-parametric, regression, multivariate and mixed models. Ten lines of food-type soybeans obtained from the Breeding Program of Soybeans for Human Consumption of the State University of Londrina (UEL/BPSHC) and two commercial varieties, the foodtype cultivar BRS 257 and the cultivar BMX Potência RR, were evaluated in the counties of Londrina,
-Soybean is cultivated in the wide range of environments of Paraná State. Selection for genotypes of high and predictable yields with wide adaptability are main targets of the breeding programs for this region. The adaptability and stability of 30 soybean cultivars of three different maturity groups (early, semi-early and medium maturity) with a focus on grain yield were evaluated in the
RESUMO:A manga é uma fruta tropical climatéria que amadurece rapidamente depois de colhida. Avaliou-se a vida útil pós-colheita de mangas 'Surpresa' utilizando recobrimento com película de fécula de mandioca. Os frutos foram mergulhados em suspensões a 0; 1; 2 e 3% de fécula de mandioca por três minutos, secos ao ar e armazenados em temperatura ambiente (± 29 o C e ± 87% de umidade relativa). O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial de 4 x 5 (tratamentos x tempo). Foram avaliados a perda de massa fresca (%), a firmeza do fruto e da polpa, a acidez total titulável, os sólidos solúveis totais, a relação SST/ATT e o pH, além das cores da casca e da polpa. Os frutos foram avaliados aos 0; 3; 6; 9 e 12 dias. Os frutos tratados com 3% de fécula de mandioca reduziram a perda de água e melhoraram o aspecto visual dos frutos, e a logevidade deste tratamento foi de 12 contra 7 dias da testemunha. Termos para indexação: Mangifera indica, pós-colheita, amido, biofilmes. USE OF CASSAVA STARCH IN THE 'SURPRESA' MANGO POSTHARVESTABSTRACT -The mango is a tropical climacteric fruit that ripens quickly after having been picked. The useful postharvest life of 'Surpresa' mangos was evaluated using covering with cassava starch film. The fruits were immersed in suspensions to 1, 2 and 3% of cassava starch for three minutes, dried by the air and conserved in ambient temperature at ± 29 o C of temperature and ± 87% of relative humidity. The outline used was entirely randomized and the experiment was carried out in 4 x 5 fatorial design (treatments x time). The loss of fresh mass (%), the firmness of the fruit and pulp, the total titratable acidity (TTA), the total soluble solids (TSS), the TSS/TTA relation and the pH, were evaluated besides of the colors of the peel and pulp. The fruits were evaluated on the 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. The fruits treated with 3% of cassava starch reduced its loses of water and improved the visual aspect of the fruits, and the shelf life of this treatment was 12 against 7 days of the witness.
-The acerola tree (Malpighia emarginata Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) is a fruit species that has prospered in the Brazilian tropical regions, especially in the Northeast, thanks to the high content of vitamin C in the fruits, among other characteristics that make it attractive to the producer, such as early production. Although there is increasing demand for the product, the production of certified seedlings of good commercial varieties is still a barrier to further expansion of the crop. This review aims to present, in a comprehensive way, technical information on how the spread has been made since its introduction in the country, as well as innovations and advances. Traditionally, propagation is carried out through seeds, cuttings and by grafting on top of common acerola rootstocks, with no defined origin. The advances presented are focused on the use of new canopy and rootstock varieties, including the use of double grafting, minicutting and tissue culture, with studies still in progress, and use of new substrates such as coconut fiber. Index terms: Malpighia spp.,acerola, seedling management, plant pathology. Avanços na propagação da aceroleiraResumo -A aceroleira (Malpighia emarginata Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) é uma frutífera que tem prosperado nas regiões tropicais brasileiras, especialmente no Nordeste, graças ao elevado teor de vitamina C nos frutos, dentre outras características que a tornam atrativa ao produtor, como precocidade de produção. Apesar de haver demanda crescente pelo produto, a produção de mudas certificadas de boas variedades comerciais ainda é um entrave para uma maior expansão da cultura. Esta revisão tem o objetivo de apresentar, de forma abrangente, informações técnicas sobre como a propagação tem sido feita desde a sua introdução no país, bem como inovações e avanços. Tradicionalmente, a propagação é realizada via sementes, estaquia e por garfagem em fenda cheia no topo sobre porta-enxertos de aceroleira comum, sem origem definida. Os avanços apresentados são focados no emprego de novas variedades copa e porta-enxerto, incluindo a utilização de dupla enxertia, miniestaquia e cultura de tecidos, com estudos ainda em andamento, e uso de novos substratos como a fibra de coco. Termos para indexação: Malpighia spp., acerola, manejo de mudas, fitossanidade.
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