Salivary LDH levels were consistently higher in OSMF and oral cancer; hence, it could be a future biomarker.

In the recent decades, periodontal disease has been identified as a risk factor for pre-term deliveries. Hence, it is important to evaluate the awareness of health-care providers of the association between periodontal diseases and pre-term birth. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to random samples representing general medical practitioners (GMPs), general dental practitioners (GDPs) and Gynecologists for this study. A knowledge score was calculated for correct answers to 11 survey questions related to oral health effects during pregnancy and compared among the three groups. In this study, 133 physicians, 135 dentists and 100 Gynecologists completed the questionnaire. More GDPs (67.4%) than GMPs (56.4%) and Gynecologists (63%) reported there was an association between periodontal disease and pre-term low birth weight. Efforts to increase this awareness may prove valuable in improving preventive care during pregnancy.

Aims and Objectives: Understanding perceptions and factors behind the rise in the prevalence of shisha smoking is important for the development of prevention strategies and policies. The aim of this descriptive study was to assess the prevalence and perception of shisha smoking among university students. Materials and Methods: The anonymous, self-structured 12-item questionnaire was administered to 450 male university students, with an overall response rate of 82.44% ( n = 371). Prevalence, knowledge, and other associated factors regarding shisha smoking were compared between dental and other specialty students using SPSS software for descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Among 371 university students, 40.43% ( n = 150) were nonsmokers, 32.88% ( n = 122) were shisha smokers, 12.94% ( n = 48) were cigarette smokers, and 13.75% ( n = 51) smoked both shisha and cigarette. The overall prevalence of shisha smoking (46.63%, n = 173) was higher than that of cigarette smoking (26.68%, n = 99). The percentage of those knowledgeable about the ill effects of shisha smoking was 44.2% with lesser knowledge among shisha smokers than cigarette smokers. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean total knowledge score between dental (5.65 ± 2.08) and other specialty (5.21 ± 2.3) students. Conclusions: A high prevalence of shisha use among university students is reported in this study as well as a general lack of understanding of the dangers involved with this behavior. Study authors recommend the development of policies targeted at preventing further rise in the prevalence of shisha smoking through the implementation of preventive strategies such as incorporating this topic into the school syllabus and encouraging research on shisha smoking.

These results suggest that IFN-λ1 could have antiviral and therapeutic value against the viruses in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis.

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The development of cropping patterns is very important to support the increase in the rice cropping index to increase production. Efforts to increase the rice cropping index are based on the availability of superfast varieties which can increase the rice cropping index in rainfed lowland and dry land. The study design was a randomized block design. This study was conducted with 2 cropping patterns, namely 1) paddy-paddy-paddy using Inpari 24, Inpari 31, and Inpari 34 varieties; and 2) paddy-peanut-paddy using Inpari 31 and Inpari 34 varieties, while the peanut variety used are Talam 2. The method of analysis of the results of the assessment is carried out with descriptive and explanative methods for the socio-economic aspects. While the technical aspects, the data collected will be analyzed using ANOVA analysis, and further testing is carried out using the LSD test at the 5% level. The results of the study show that the development of paddy-paddy-paddy and paddy-peanut-paddy cropping patterns can be carried out well if there is sufficient water availability. The use of paddy-paddy-paddy cropping patterns must be supported by the availability of early-age paddy seeds and sufficient water availability. The cropping pattern for paddy-peanut-paddy using peanut Talam 2 variety. Fromaneconomicaspect is more feasible than the paddy-paddy-paddy, but cropping pattern with a size of R / C 2.03. In terms of advantages, the paddy-paddy-paddy cropping pattern has a greater advantage than the paddy-peanut-paddycroppingpattern.

The nation's agenda towards Indonesia Gold in 2045 becomes a severe challenge for the world of education in Indonesia, because education as the main motor is required to improve itself to prepare the nation's generation that is resilient, critical, adaptive and competitive in accordance with the demands and needs of the times in its time. School as the main home of the education process must compete in printing a generation of achievers and characters. This research aims to discuss a) Implementation of HOTS based character education at Nurul Jadid High School and b) The concept of HOTS in the Formation of Character Education in Nurul Jadid High School. The research method used in this research is Case Study Research with a qualitative approach. The method of data analysis in this study is narrative analysis. The results of this study found that the application of HOTS at Nurul Jadid High School uses four learning models, namely problem-based learning, inquiry-based learning, discovery learning and project-based learning to foster character in students. The use of transformative learning education model in Islamic boarding school is also one of the goals to create a dialogueal, humanist, and communicative teaching-learning activity in developing the psychiatric intelligence of students (Intellectual Quotation, Emotional Quotation, and Spiritual Quotation).